Assessment of Food Hygiene and Safety Among Food Vendors in Motor Parks in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

Abstract

Food vending is a prevalent economic activity in many developing countries, offering affordable and convenient meals, particularly in high-traffic areas such as motor parks. However, inadequate hygiene practices among vendors pose significant public health risks, contributing to the spread of foodborne illnesses. Ensuring food hygiene and safety is critical to protecting consumer health. Objective: This study assessed the food hygiene and safety practices among food vendors in motor parks in Maiduguri, Borno State. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 food vendors selected via multistage sampling from major motor parks in Maiduguri. Data were collected using semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and observational checklists, analyzed with SPSS version 30 (p ≤ 0.05). Results showed that 66.2% of vendors demonstrated good knowledge, 63.2% had positive attitudes, but only 80.2% consistently applied safe practices. Gaps included inadequate handwashing duration (23.8%) and improper disposal of leftovers (67.2%). Observational data confirmed deficiencies, with only 34% of the measures effectively preventing flies. Higher income (≥₦100,000) and tertiary education were unexpectedly associated with poorer practices. Despite adequate awareness, the lack of formal training and enforcement hinders the consistent adoption of best practices. To improve food safety, regular hygiene training, adequate infrastructure such as handwashing stations, and stricter regulatory enforcement are recommended. Collaboration among health authorities, local governments, and vendor associations is essential to bridge the knowledge-practice gap and ensure the safety of street-vended food.