Ayurvedic Concept of Virya and its Correlation with Modern Thermogenic and Bioenergetic Effects: An Integrative Review

Abstract

Virya is a fundamental Ayurvedic pharmacodynamic attribute representing the immediate bioenergetic effect of a substance, classically categorized as Ushna (hot) or Shita (cold). Although Virya is not defined by physical temperature, its clinical implications include modulation of digestion (Agni), metabolism, circulation, and inflammation. Contemporary biomedical research has explored thermogenesis, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and sympathetic activation induced by dietary herbs and spices—many of which are classified as Ushna Virya in Ayurveda. This review critically correlates Ayurvedic Virya with measurable thermogenic and metabolic effects documented through in vitro, animal, and human studies. Conceptual overlaps, mechanistic parallels, and limitations are discussed, highlighting opportunities for integrative research and standardization.