International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Topics
type: channel
description: Call for Papers Publish in Multidisciplinary Journal Volume 7, Issue 4, April 2026 2000+ Articles | 5,000+ Authors | 30+ Countries Publication Process Submit Manuscript ISSN (Online): 2582-7839 Publication Frequency: Monthly Subject/Scope: Multidisciplinary Areas Publication Format: Online Publication Time: Within 3 Days Publication Fee: ₹1600 (India), $52 (Africa), $59 (Others) CrossRef DOI to all published articles No Additional Author and Page Charges Free e-certificates to authors International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Topics is an online open-access journal to publish research papers. The journal welcomes articles from all the academic disciplines. The journal aims to provide a platform for the authors to publish their research, with a focus on sharing the work with society in the process of the advancement of technology. The authors are advised to read the publication process and submit the paper to the journal. The journal welcomes research papers, review papers, project papers, and case studies for publication in IJRAMT.
publisher: RESAIM Publishing
language: en
publication name: International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Topics
issn: 2582-7839
items: https://journals.ijramt.com/index.php/ijramt/article/view/3232
items: Assessing the Challenges and Socioeconomic Impact of Awarded Certificate of Stewardship Contracts (CSCs) in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro
items: Impact of School Feeding Program on Pupils’ Attendance and Performance in Basic Science and Technology in Primary Schools in Katsina Metropolis
items: Integrating Faith and Culture in Teaching for Holistic Learner Development
items: A Study to Compare Team-Based Learning Versus Self Learning on Learning Outcome Among Nursing Students in Selected College of Nursing, Bishrampur, Chhattisgarh
items: Civil Society: An Identity for Elevated Democracy and Fair Adult Suffrage
items: Stigma, Economic Strain, and Mental Health among Single Mothers in Urban Kenya: A Practice-Based Integrative Review
items: Tourism Development in Dibang Valley, Anini: Future Prospects and Challenges
items: System Efficiency, Challenges, and User Satisfaction of the Environmental Management Bureau-MIMAROPA Online Permits Application in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro
items: In Silico Characterization of Multi-Layered Regulatory Mechanisms Governing HIF1A Gene Expression
items: Green-Synthesized Nanoparticles for Dual Targeting of Oral Biofilms and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
items: In Silico Functional and Structural Characterization of rs141029929 Variant in ANGPT1 Reveals Reduced Protein Stability and Potential Impact on Angiogenic Pathways
items: A True Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Dry Ginger Powder on Management of Nausea and Vomiting Among Antenatal Mother at CHC in Utai, Chhattisgarh
items: Crime Incidence and Responsiveness of Police-Barangay Joint Operations in Barangay Buenavista and Barangay Sta. Lucia, Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro
items: Bioremediation of Pb, Cd and Cr by Soil Bacteria from Urban-Industrial Transition Zones
items: Fermented Rice Water: A Source of Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms
items: The Myth of the Monolith: Acculturation Stress and Mental Health Outcomes Among Foreign African Students in Kenyan Universities
items: Level of Compliance to RA 11032 Ease of Doing Business (EODB), Challenges, and Government Service Delivery in the Registry of Deeds of Mamburao, Occidental Mindoro
items: Age, Morphology, Reproduction and Feeding Habits of Two Strains of Auchenoglanis Occidentalis (Valenciennes, 1840) from Lakes Bangweulu and Tanganyika, Zambia
items: Impact of Migration on Families Left Behind: Psychological and Educational Perspectives
items: Effect of Digital Mobile Loan Usage on Academic Performance of University Students in Nairobi County, Kenya
items: Humanitarian Assistance and Peacebuilding in Protracted Conflict: The Role of the United Arab Emirates in Yemen
items: Karitan Sa Lukos: Meranaw Traditional Care for the Aged
items: The Extent of Implementation, Challenges of Inventory System, and Organizational Effectiveness of the Provincial Government Office of Occidental Mindoro
items: Using Orange Data Mining and Predictive Analytics for Analytical Workflows in Academic Research
items: Obstructive Sleep Apnea in a Young Stroke: A Case Report
items: Status, Responsiveness, and Community Satisfaction with the Health Services in the Island Barangays of San Jose, Occidental Mindoro
items: Enhancing Preschool Children’s Attitudes Towards Emergent Writing Through Implementation of Writer’s Workshop and Interactive Writing in Katsina State, Nigeria
items: Impact of Nurse Leadership Style and Wellbeing Among Nurses in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review
items: Understanding Denial of Service Attacks in IoT Sensor and Wireless Sensor Networks

https://journals.ijramt.com/index.php/ijramt/article/view/3232
type: item
title: An Experimental Study to Investigate the Effectiveness of Back Massage on Reduction of Perception of Labour Pain During First Stage of Labour Among Expectant Mothers Admitted in Labour Room at District Hospital, Durg, Chhattisgarh
description: Labour pain is a universal phenomenon and is perceived as one of the most severe forms of pain experienced by women. Non-pharmacological methods such as back massage can play a vital role in reducing pain perception during labor. Hence, the present study was undertaken A quasi experimental study to investigate the effectiveness of back massage on reduction of perception of labour pain during first stage of labour among expectant mothers admitted in labour room at selected hospital Durg, Chhattisgarh.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Teresa Sahu
creator: Shushila Singh
creator: Seema Santosh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Teresa Sahu, Shushila Singh, Seema Santosh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-28
publication date: 2026-04-28
starting page: 86
ending page: 87
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3232

Assessing the Challenges and Socioeconomic Impact of Awarded Certificate of Stewardship Contracts (CSCs) in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro
type: item
description: The research evaluated the problems and socioeconomic effects of awarded certificate of stewardship contracts out of forty (40) beneficiaries in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro. Using a descriptive-correlational research design, quantitative data were collected through a survey from the respondents through random sampling. Data were analyzed using weighted mean, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results showed that most CSC beneficiaries are older adults, predominantly male, with legal tenure, managing small to medium plots and cultivating diverse crops, suggesting that experience and secure land rights support effective management. They face moderate implementation challenges, particularly limited access to credit, yet experience moderate socio-economic benefits, especially in land improvement. Land tenure significantly influences challenges, while other demographic and farm factors do not. Implementation challenges do not significantly affect outcomes, and although age, sex, and lot size do not affect socio-economic impact, the type of crops cultivated does influence the level of benefits. In conclusion, the findings indicate that CSCs contribute positively to sustainable land management and community development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Niño Aloysius B. Colegado
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Niño Aloysius B. Colegado https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-27
publication date: 2026-04-27
starting page: 80
ending page: 85
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3231

Impact of School Feeding Program on Pupils’ Attendance and Performance in Basic Science and Technology in Primary Schools in Katsina Metropolis
type: item
description: This study examined the impact of the School Feeding Program on pupils’ attendance and academic performance in Basic Science and Technology in public primary schools in Katsina Metropolis, Katsina State, Nigeria. The study adopted a quasi-experimental research design, specifically a non-equivalent control group design. The population comprised all Primary 5 and 6 pupils in public primary schools in Katsina Metropolis. A sample of 360 pupils was selected using multistage sampling techniques, consisting of 180 pupils from School Feeding Program beneficiary schools and 180 pupils from non-beneficiary schools. Two instruments were used for data collection: Attendance Record Checklist (ARC) and Basic Science and Technology Achievement Test (BSTAT). The instruments were validated by experts, and a reliability coefficient of 0.81 was obtained using Cronbach’s Alpha method. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and percentage) and inferential statistics (independent samples t-test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation) at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that pupils in beneficiary schools recorded significantly higher attendance rates and performed better in Basic Science and Technology than pupils in non-beneficiary schools. A significant positive relationship was also found between participation in the School Feeding Program and academic performance. However, challenges such as irregular food supply, weak monitoring, poor food quality, and inadequate kitchen facilities were identified. The study concluded that the School Feeding Program significantly enhances attendance and academic performance, and recommended program expansion, improved monitoring, and better infrastructural support for sustainability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Abubakar Aliyu Saulawa
creator: Mustapha Muhammad
creator: Usman Mohammed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Abubakar Aliyu Saulawa, Mustapha Muhammad, Usman Mohammed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-27
publication date: 2026-04-27
starting page: 75
ending page: 79
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3230

Integrating Faith and Culture in Teaching for Holistic Learner Development
type: item
description: Contemporary education often emphasizes technical proficiency and measurable outcomes, sometimes neglecting moral, cultural, and spiritual development. This article contends that such fragmentation compromises the coherence needed for meaningful learning and holistic human flourishing. Drawing on theological anthropology, meaning-centered psychology, and cultural understanding, it presents a framework for integrative education that connects intellectual growth with identity formation and moral concerns. A key premise is that learners enter educational settings already shaped by cultural and spiritual frameworks, which profoundly influence their cognition, motivation, and engagement. The paper outlines a conceptual and theoretical basis for integration and proposes a curriculum framework encompassing conceptual, personal, and institutional dimensions. It concludes that integrative education is essential, not optional, for fostering authentic learning and human development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Ruth Mumo Omungo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ruth Mumo Omungo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-27
publication date: 2026-04-27
starting page: 68
ending page: 74
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3229

A Study to Compare Team-Based Learning Versus Self Learning on Learning Outcome Among Nursing Students in Selected College of Nursing, Bishrampur, Chhattisgarh
type: item
description: Background: Team-Based Learning is an innovative, student-centred, active learning strategy designed to enhance knowledge, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills through teamwork. In Team Based Learning, learners are divided into small, diverse teams that remain consistent throughout the course. The learning process typically involves three main phases: pre-class preparation, readiness assurance testing, and application of concepts to problem-solving tasks. Through this structured approach, students engage more deeply with the content, apply theoretical knowledge to real-life scenarios, and develop communication and decision-making skills. Aim: To compare the outcome of Team Based Learning and Self Learning among nursing students. Setting and Design: the study was conducted at V.M. college of Nursing, Bishrampur (C.G.), A quasi-experimental research design was adopted. Material and Methods: 60 Nursing students were selected using random sampling technique and assigned into Team based Learning (n=30) and Self Learning (n=30). A self-structured tool to assess socio demographic variables and self-structured check list to assess the learning outcome (knowledge, comprehension, application and synthesis). Data are analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: the findings revealed a statistically significant difference in learning outcome between the Team Based Learning and Self Learning is accepted as tcal 2.24 is more than ttab 2.05 at p<0.05 level of significance. Total mean ± sd. percentage analysis shows that Team Based Learning in good category 86.66% and poor category 13.33% & Self Learning in good category 70% and poor category 30%. ‘t’-test to find out the Learning outcome of Team Based Learning & Self Learning on mean ± SD were 15.6 ± 2.25 and 13.56 ± 3.6 respectively. The result was analyzed using t-test and a significant and a significant improvement in learning outcome is statistically proved as 't' value calculated that is 2.24 is mor…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Pushpendra
creator: Roja Princy
creator: Abhilekha Biswal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Pushpendra, Roja Princy, Abhilekha Biswal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-26
publication date: 2026-04-26
starting page: 65
ending page: 67
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3228

Civil Society: An Identity for Elevated Democracy and Fair Adult Suffrage
type: item
description: Democracy is a form of government where peoples’ active participation is essential. Due to vastness of population direct democracy has ceased to exist though this is possible at the grass root level while working through various local self-governments. But hegemony of the rulers prevents participation of common people in the process even at the grass-root level. Absence of plurality invites despotism in governance of the administration and democracy is eclipsed due to executive exuberance of the executives and parliamentary dictatorship. Civil Society from age of Aristotle (384–322 BCE) played an important role in elevation of democracy and restoring liberty of people against the despotic rulers. Role of such Civil Society has become a sine qua non in the present day for free and fair adult suffrage in a democratic situation. Election violence, economic repression as well as social aggression by the rulers have vitiated the process of democratic administration and muting voice of even the civil society through bounties and favours.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Tapas Kumar Ghosh
creator: Anil Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tapasa Kumar Ghosh, Anil Kumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-26
publication date: 2026-04-26
starting page: 61
ending page: 64
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3227

Stigma, Economic Strain, and Mental Health among Single Mothers in Urban Kenya: A Practice-Based Integrative Review
type: item
description: Single motherhood is increasingly prevalent in urban Kenya, yet mental health services remain insufficiently responsive to the intersecting challenges of stigma, economic strain, and culturally embedded family norms. This practice-based integrative review synthesizes empirical and policy-oriented literature to examine how structural inequalities and socio-cultural expectations shape the psychological well-being of single mothers, particularly in urban settings such as Nairobi. Drawing on acculturation theory and attachment theory within a non-essentialist, structurally informed framework, the review highlights identity strain, economic vulnerability, and social exclusion as key determinants of distress. The paper identifies a critical clinical gap in culturally responsive assessment, diagnosis, and intervention. Actionable recommendations are proposed across clinical practice and supervision, emphasizing non-pathologizing, context-sensitive approaches. An equity impact analysis considers both the benefits and potential unintended harms of these interventions. This manuscript contributes to the advancement of culturally grounded mental health care in Kenya and similar low- and middle-income contexts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Prisca Okemba
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Prisca Okemba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-23
publication date: 2026-04-23
starting page: 57
ending page: 60
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3226

Tourism Development in Dibang Valley, Anini: Future Prospects and Challenges
type: item
description: Dibang valley a pristine natural serenity surrounded by snowcapped mountains, meandering gorge rivers, diverse flora and fauna and also known as the ‘Valley of Waterfalls’ was awarded with the Best Offbeat Mountain Destination at the Outlook Traveller Awards 2024, the 17th Annual Convention of the Adventure Tour Operators Association of India (ATOI) in 2025. This paper examines the multifaceted opportunities and obstacles concerning the advancement of tourism in the Dibang Valley, Anini, a region characterized by its rich biodiversity and distinct tribal heritage. The analysis encompasses current infrastructural developments and government initiatives aimed at fostering sustainable and community-centric tourism models within Arunachal Pradesh, thereby offering insights applicable to the Dibang Valley. Specifically, this study will critically evaluate the potential for ecotourism and cultural tourism, while simultaneously addressing the environmental impact, logistical constraints, and socio-economic considerations inherent in developing such a remote yet pristine destination. Further, it will explore how active local community participation and robust policy frameworks can mitigate negative perceptions and foster inclusive growth in emerging tourism destinations. The inherent challenges in establishing robust tourism infrastructure in geographically isolated areas like Dibang Valley necessitate strategic planning to overcome accessibility issues and ensure the provision of essential services for visitors.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Athuko Tayu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Athuko Tayu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-22
publication date: 2026-04-22
starting page: 52
ending page: 56
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3225

System Efficiency, Challenges, and User Satisfaction of the Environmental Management Bureau-MIMAROPA Online Permits Application in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro
type: item
description: Utilizing descriptive research, this study assessed the system efficiency, challenges, and user satisfaction of the Online Permits Application System of the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) MIMAROPA under the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro. The randomly chosen 180 business owners, pollution control officers, environmental consultants, private citizens, and local government personnel who applied for permits online and had used the system served as the respondents. Data was collected using a structured survey questionnaire. The respondents confirmed the very high efficiency (mean=4.56) and very high user satisfaction (mean=4.58) of the online application system. They likewise reported the slightly serious challenges (mean=1.67) encountered in its use. Correlation analysis revealed the negative relationship between system efficiency and challenges (r=-0.443), and between challenges and user satisfaction (r=-0.282) which emphasized that the optimization of system performance would help reduce barriers and enhance user contentment. In contrast, the positive correlation (r = 0.442) between satisfaction and efficiency indicates that efficient processes, accessibility, and timely service delivery are associated with user appreciation of the online permit application system. Although rated highly efficient, it is necessary to provide continuous system maintenance, performance monitoring, and user feedback mechanisms. To sustain long-term efficiency, reliability, and successful delivery of e-government services, training and seminars are needed for the system administrators. Strengthening support services, digital assistance, system guidance, enhanced user-centered system features, regular updating of security measures, and an integrated system improvement framework are likewise recommended.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Ronnele Tejada Esteves
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-21
publication date: 2026-04-21
starting page: 47
ending page: 51
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3224

In Silico Characterization of Multi-Layered Regulatory Mechanisms Governing HIF1A Gene Expression
type: item
description: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) is a key regulator of cellular responses to hypoxia and is controlled through complex regulatory mechanisms. This study presents a comprehensive in silico analysis of the regulatory architecture of HIF1A, integrating epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and functional interaction layers. CpG island analysis revealed a CpG-rich region suggestive of epigenetic control, while promoter prediction identified multiple transcription start sites, indicating transcriptional flexibility. Numerous polyadenylation sites and predicted miRNAs highlighted extensive post-transcriptional regulation. Gene expression analysis demonstrated moderate variability in HIF1A expression, supporting tightly regulated expression dynamics. Protein–protein interaction analysis further established HIF1A as a central hub interacting with key regulators of hypoxia signaling. Overall, the findings provide a holistic view of the multi-level regulatory mechanisms governing HIF1A expression and its role in cellular adaptation to hypoxic conditions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Parampreet Kaur
creator: Rajinder Kaur
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Parampreet Kaur, Rajinder Kaur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-21
publication date: 2026-04-21
starting page: 42
ending page: 46
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3223

Green-Synthesized Nanoparticles for Dual Targeting of Oral Biofilms and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
type: item
description: The co-evolution of multidrug resistance amongst oral pathogens and sub-par treatment outcomes associated with traditional OSCC therapy calls for alternative strategies, which not only differ in terms of the underlying mechanism but should also be biocompatible. One such strategy entails nanoparticle synthesis utilizing plant extracts as both reducing agents and ligands; secondary metabolic compounds endow the produced nanomaterials with unique biological activity. The aim of the present review is a comprehensive analysis of the preparation, characterization, and dual antibacterial/antitumorigenic activities of AgNPs, CuNPs, and FeNPs produced from aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica and Syzygium cumini. The nucleation, growth kinetics, size distribution, and particle charge are all governed by the polyphenols content of aqueous plant extract; in particular, Syzygium cumini nanoparticles display monodispersity and low particle sizes (<20 nm) in comparison to larger Azadirachta indica nanoparticles that show enhanced stability due to the abundant presence of terpenoids. Amongst oral biofilm-forming bacteria, AgNPs have shown the greatest breadth of antimicrobial action at the minimum concentration range of 5-25 μg/mL; AgNPs showed greater than 90% biofilm inhibition whereas CuNPs showed antifungal efficacy against Candida albicans. FeNPs, though inherently less cytotoxic, offer a magnetically responsive platform for targeted drug delivery and localized hyperthermia. In OSCC cell lines, biogenic nanoparticles induced dose-dependent apoptosis through mitochondrial membrane depolarization, upregulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytochrome c release, and caspase-3 activation, with selectivity indices consistently superior to chemically synthesized counterparts — attributed to the modulation of oxidative thresholds by surface-adsorbed phytochemicals. Taken together, these phytometallic nanocomplexes represent a mechanistically integrated dual-action platform with potenti…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Aditi Kumari
creator: Yogesh Kumar Singh
creator: Priyanka Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Aditi Kumari, Yogesh Kumar Singh, Priyanka Singh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-20
publication date: 2026-04-20
starting page: 23
ending page: 41
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3222

In Silico Functional and Structural Characterization of rs141029929 Variant in ANGPT1 Reveals Reduced Protein Stability and Potential Impact on Angiogenic Pathways
type: item
description: This paper presents In Silico functional and structural characterization of rs141029929 variant in ANGPT1 Reveals reduced protein stability and potential impact on angiogenic pathways.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Parampreet Kaur
creator: Rajinder Kaur
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Parampreet Kaur, Rajinder Kaur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-19
publication date: 2026-04-19
starting page: 17
ending page: 22
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3221

A True Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Dry Ginger Powder on Management of Nausea and Vomiting Among Antenatal Mother at CHC in Utai, Chhattisgarh
type: item
description: Background: Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) is a common condition affecting a large proportion of antenatal mothers, particularly during the first trimester. Although usually non-fatal, it can significantly impair physical comfort, nutritional intake, and quality of life. Pharmacological management is often associated with concerns regarding fetal safety, leading to increased interest in safe, natural, and cost-effective remedies. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has been traditionally used as an antiemetic, but limited experimental evidence is available on the effectiveness of dry ginger powder among antenatal mothers. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of dry ginger powder in the management of nausea and vomiting among antenatal mothers. Settings and Design: The study was conducted at a Community Health Centre (CHC), Utai, Chhattisgarh. A true experimental research design was adopted. Materials and Methods: Sixty antenatal mothers in the first trimester suffering from nausea and vomiting were selected using random sampling technique and assigned into experimental (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. The experimental group received dry ginger powder at a dose of 1.5 grams twice daily after meals for a duration of 30 days, while the control group received routine antenatal care without intervention. The severity of nausea and vomiting was assessed using a structured rating scale during pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The findings revealed a statistically significant reduction in the severity of nausea and vomiting among antenatal mothers in the experimental group after administration of dry ginger powder compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Hence H1 was accepted. The intervention was found to be effective and well tolerated by the participants.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Neha Sonpipare
creator: Sushila Singh Bias
creator: Seema Santosh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Neha Sonpipare, Sushila Singh Bias, Seema Santosh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-19
publication date: 2026-04-19
starting page: 14
ending page: 16
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3220

Crime Incidence and Responsiveness of Police-Barangay Joint Operations in Barangay Buenavista and Barangay Sta. Lucia, Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro
type: item
description: This study examined the responsiveness of police-barangay joint operations and crime incidence in Barangay Buenavista and Barangay Sta. Lucia, Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro. The research study used a descriptive correlational research design to examine the profiles, crime rates, and joint operation response of police officers and barangay officials who participated in the study, which involved 123 PNP personnel and barangay tanods as respondents. Results revealed that crime incidence is generally moderate in terms of types of offenses and crime hotspots, with higher frequencies observed for illegal gambling, traffic violations, minor breaches, and poorly monitored areas. Reported crime rates and crime clearance rates were perceived as high, indicating consistent reporting, prompt action, and effective incident resolution. The joint operations were found to be highly responsive in terms of response time, resource allocation, communication efficiency, community perception, joint patrol effectiveness, and incident resolution. Occupation and assignment length were significant correlates of perceived responsiveness, whereas age, educational attainment, and involvement in crime prevention initiatives were not. Furthermore, higher crime incidence was positively associated with more effective and timely responses from the police-barangay units. The research shows that joint operations succeed in building community trust and delivering quick responses, yet criminal activity requires authorities to establish better preventive strategies, including data on citizen demographics and professional backgrounds that affect response times.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Leo Pascual Dacayanan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Leo Pascual Dacayanan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-04
publication date: 2026-04-04
starting page: 1
ending page: 13
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3219

Bioremediation of Pb, Cd and Cr by Soil Bacteria from Urban-Industrial Transition Zones
type: item
description: Urban–industrial transition zones are dynamic areas where residential, traffic, and industrial activities coexist, often leading to persistent heavy metal contamination. Metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) are of particular concern due to their non-biodegradable nature, long-term persistence in soil, and associated ecological and public health risks. Their accumulation alters soil chemistry and disrupts native microbial communities essential for soil health. This study investigated the resilience of indigenous soil bacteria and their potential role in heavy metal bioremediation. Soil samples were collected from urban gardens and textile-influenced industrial sites and analyzed for physicochemical parameters (pH, moisture, texture) and heavy metal concentrations using standard colorimetric methods. Pb and Cd were estimated by the dithizone method at 520 nm, while Cr was quantified at 540 nm following acid digestion. Industrial soils showed comparatively altered physicochemical properties and higher metal loads. To assess microbial adaptation, samples were enriched in metal-supplemented nutrient broth, and distinct bacterial isolates were purified. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) studies under combined metal stress identified three highly tolerant isolates, which were further tested for compatibility and consortium development. Biosorption potential was evaluated in liquid culture, followed by laboratory-scale soil microcosm experiments using metal-spiked sterile soil. Both individual isolates and the consortium were applied, and metal reduction was monitored over time. The consortium demonstrated enhanced remediation efficiency compared to individual strains. Statistical correlation analysis further examined the relationship between pollutant concentration and removal efficiency. Overall, the findings highlight the adaptive capacity of indigenous soil bacteria and support their potential use as bioindicators and eco-friendly agents for su…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Vinit Sunilkumar Patel
creator: Savanata Raut
creator: Lavina Pinto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Vinit Sunilkumar Patel, Savanata Raut, Lavina Pinto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 91
ending page: 99
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i3.3218

Fermented Rice Water: A Source of Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms
type: item
description: The increasing demand for sustainable agricultural practices has intensified research on eco-friendly biofertilizers derived from natural resources. Fermented rice water (FRW), a common household by-product generated during rice washing, is rich in soluble nutrients and indigenous microbial populations. The present study investigates fermented rice water as a potential source of plant growth- promoting microorganisms (PGPM) and evaluates its effect on the growth of Coriandrum sativum L. Washed rice water was allowed to undergo natural fermentation for three days under ambient laboratory conditions. A significant reduction in pH from 7.5 to 5.0 indicated active microbial metabolism. Fourteen morphologically distinct isolates were obtained using selective and non-selective media. The isolates were screened for plant growth-promoting traits including phosphate solubilization, cellulase activity, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. Among them, isolates I1, I8, I11, and I12 exhibited comparatively higher IAA production and were selected for consortium development after compatibility testing. Pot trials conducted under sterile and non-sterile soil conditions demonstrated enhanced germination rate, root length, and shoot length in treated plants compared to control. In non-sterile soil, seed soaking treatment showed maximum root elongation (5.3 cm), while microbial consortium application was more effective under sterile soil (3.5 cm). The findings suggest that fermented rice water serves as an inexpensive and sustainable reservoir of beneficial microorganisms with significant potential as a biofertilizer in sustainable agriculture.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Vrushali Jitendra Patil
creator: Savanta V. Raut
creator: Tanvi Sawant
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Vrushali Jitendra Patil, Savanta V. Raut, Tanvi Sawant https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-29
publication date: 2026-03-29
starting page: 85
ending page: 90
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i3.3217

The Myth of the Monolith: Acculturation Stress and Mental Health Outcomes Among Foreign African Students in Kenyan Universities
type: item
description: Intracontinental student mobility driven by the African Union’s Agenda 2063 has made Kenya a key destination for African students. This study contends that the so-called "myth of monolith" – the belief in a unified African identity – mistakenly presumes seamless cultural and psychological transitions. Instead, this myth heightens acculturation stress and worsens mental health outcomes among Foreign African Students (FAS) in Kenyan higher education. This study employed a narrative review of peer-reviewed literature published between 2020 and 2025. A search of digital databases identified 124 articles. Of these, only 6 met the inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis and interpretation. The findings indicate that foreign African students experience significant acculturation stress, primarily due to language barriers, culture shock, and perceived discrimination. The existing evidence challenges the “monolith myth” by demonstrating that stress levels vary significantly across individuals, regardless of age, marital status, or education level. Based on these findings, the study concludes that most Foreign African Students arrive in Kenya with limited emotional and psychological preparedness for the challenges of cultural transition, which increases their vulnerability to the effects of cultural distance within academic institutions. To mitigate these challenges, the study recommends implementing peer-based support systems, including community networks, to provide essential coping mechanisms that buffer against depression, anxiety, and social isolation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Nneka Ene
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nneka Ene https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-29
publication date: 2026-03-29
starting page: 79
ending page: 84
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i3.3216

Level of Compliance to RA 11032 Ease of Doing Business (EODB), Challenges, and Government Service Delivery in the Registry of Deeds of Mamburao, Occidental Mindoro
type: item
description: The objective of this study is to determine the level of compliance with the Ease of Doing Business and efficient Government Service Delivery Act (Republic Act No. 11032). The study employed the descriptive-correlational design to determine the relationship between the level of compliance with the republic Act No. 11032 and the level of government service delivery at the Registry of Deeds of Mamburao, Occidental Mindoro. A total of 85% of the total number of employees were randomly selected to participate in the study. It examined compliance across key areas, including streamlining of procedures, reduction of red tape, processing of transactions, and automation and digitalization; assessed the extent of challenges in implementing the law; and evaluated the quality of government service delivery through adherence to the Citizen’s Charter, effectiveness of client feedback mechanisms, and ARTA monitoring and enforcement. The study employed a quantitative research design, utilizing surveys and document reviews to collect data from relevant stakeholders. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between compliance and service delivery and to test whether implementation challenges served as intervening factors. The findings provide insights into how adherence to RA 11032 can enhance public service efficiency, transparency, accountability, and citizen-centered outcomes, and offer a basis for recommendations to improve service quality and operational effectiveness.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Jholan F. Mendoza
creator: Melchor P. Dioso
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jholan F. Mendoza, Melchor P. Dioso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-29
publication date: 2026-03-29
starting page: 70
ending page: 78
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i3.3215

Age, Morphology, Reproduction and Feeding Habits of Two Strains of Auchenoglanis Occidentalis (Valenciennes, 1840) from Lakes Bangweulu and Tanganyika, Zambia
type: item
description: Due to inadequate published information, this study addressed the knowledge gap in reproductive biology, feeding habits, and morphology of Auchenoglanis occidentalis in order to provide basic biological data for domestication in Zambia. One hundred and thirty two (132) fish were sampled from Lakes Bangweulu and Tanganyika in Zambia with males having total length of 390.5±11.0mm and 400.9±23.0mm respectively while females had total length of 380.55±52mm and 390.80±43mm. Total length was a significant (p<0.05) predictor of fecundity, gonadosomatic index, maturity and age with mean age of 1 year. The presence of Diptera insect larvae and blood worms (Chironomous midge) in the diets of this species suggests the need for a high protein formulated aquaculture diet. The higher absolute mean fecundity of 8066.3±926.3 than tilapias suggests the need for adequate facilities for incubating eggs. Results of this study show that the fish is a good species for domestication and brood stock from Lakes Tanganyika and Bangweulu are recommended for culture.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Rabecca M. Mainza
creator: Wilson Jere
creator: Austin Mtethiwa
creator: Alexander S. Kefi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rabecca M. Mainza, Wilson Jere, Austin Mtethiwa, Alexander S. Kefi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-27
publication date: 2026-03-27
starting page: 66
ending page: 69
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i3.3214

Impact of Migration on Families Left Behind: Psychological and Educational Perspectives
type: item
description: Migration, a critical socio-economic force, reshapes family structures globally. This study examines the educational and psychological impacts of migration on left-behind family members, particularly children and spouses. Through thematic insights and a bibliometric analysis using VOS viewer, the research reveals how migration influences academic performance, emotional well-being, identity, and support mechanisms. The paper synthesizes global case studies and bibliometric trends to offer a nuanced perspective on the interplay between migration and familial outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Chander Mohan
creator: Poras Yadav
creator: Satyajit Mallick
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Chander Mohan, Poras Yadav, Satyajit Mallick https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-18
publication date: 2026-03-18
starting page: 61
ending page: 65
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i3.3213

Effect of Digital Mobile Loan Usage on Academic Performance of University Students in Nairobi County, Kenya
type: item
description: The rapid growth of digital financial technologies has increased access to mobile-based credit among university students in Kenya, raising concerns about its potential implications for academic outcomes. Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior, this study examined the effect of digital mobile loan usage on the academic performance of university students in Nairobi County, Kenya. Specifically, the study assessed the effect of accessibility of digital mobile loans, cost of borrowing, and digital loan dependency on students’ academic performance which was measured using GPA, attendance, or assignment completion. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, targeting undergraduate students from 27 public and private universities in Nairobi County. Using stratified random sampling, a sample of 399 students was selected, out of which 327 valid responses were obtained, representing an 82% response rate. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis with the aid of SPSS. The findings revealed that accessibility of digital mobile loans had a significant negative effect on academic performance (β = −0.262, p < 0.05), indicating that ease of access encouraged frequent borrowing that reduced academic focus. Overall, the variable jointly explained 58.1% of the variation in academic performance. The study concludes that while digital mobile loans enhance financial access, excessive accessibility, high borrowing costs, and loan dependency negatively affect students’ academic performance. The study recommends strengthening financial literacy programs in universities, enhancing regulation of digital mobile lending, and promoting responsi
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Mary Andika
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mary Andika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-18
publication date: 2026-03-18
starting page: 55
ending page: 60
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i3.3212

Humanitarian Assistance and Peacebuilding in Protracted Conflict: The Role of the United Arab Emirates in Yemen
type: item
description: Contemporary armed conflicts are increasingly protracted, fragmented, and shaped by regional rivalries, limiting the effectiveness of conventional, troop-centered peacekeeping alone. In this context, humanitarian assistance has emerged as a crucial tool for protecting civilians and fostering a degree of stability. This study examines the UAE’s humanitarian role in Yemen from 2015 onwards, exploring how its relief and reconstruction initiatives function as instruments of peace support. Employing a combined framework of human security, middle-power diplomacy, and humanitarian diplomacy, the analysis draws on UAE government reports, UN OCHA data, and recent academic literature. Particular focus is given to the UAE’s USD 465 million unrestricted contribution to the Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan (YHRP) in 2018 and an additional USD 230 million pledge in 2021. Evidence suggests that these interventions have supported essential services, enhanced access to food and healthcare, and strengthened local resilience. While humanitarian assistance cannot replace a comprehensive political settlement, it can help create conditions conducive to peace by safeguarding civilians, maintaining critical institutions, and preventing further deterioration. Yemen illustrates how Gulf middle powers, in collaboration with the UN, can leverage humanitarian engagement as a core component of contemporary peace and security strategies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Robin Kabha
creator: Malaak Abdulla Mousa Alraeesi
creator: Maryam Khameis Ali Alkaabi
creator: Hoda Sultan Sulaiman Alyammahi
creator: Mariam Mohamad Sheer Mohamad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Robin Kabha, Malaak Abdulla Mousa Alraeesi, Maryam Khameis Ali Alkaabi, Hoda Sultan Sulaiman Alyammahi, Mariam Mohamad Sheer Mohamad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 50
ending page: 54
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i3.3211

Karitan Sa Lukos: Meranaw Traditional Care for the Aged
type: item
description: This study was conducted to determine the practices and problems in traditional care concerning old-age Meranaw in Maharlika Village, Taguig City, Metro Manila. Despite being acculturated, the Meranaws in the area are still adherent to, in many ways, to Meranaw traditions. Hence it is common to find the whole clan living in the same area getting strength from living in close proximity. In this way, the younger and more able adults of the family are able to take better care of their elders by taking them into their homes. On the whole, it was found that the Meranaws do their best to support their aging parents whatever it takes. However, because of these adults occupied in their business and work, based on the gathered data, the result of the study also showed that the elderly were in need of more financial support, more attention and assistance with health concerns such as medical and dental issues, proper living arrangements /accommodation, and more assistance and support in terms of physical and mental fitness.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Shaha Dianalan Mustapha
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Shaha Dianalan Mustapha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 41
ending page: 49
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i3.3210

The Extent of Implementation, Challenges of Inventory System, and Organizational Effectiveness of the Provincial Government Office of Occidental Mindoro
type: item
description: The objective of this study is to evaluate the extent of implementation and challenges of inventory system and the organizational effectiveness of PGO in Occidental Mindoro. The study employed the descriptive-correlational design to determine the relationship of the extent of inventory system implementation and challenges encountered to the organizational effectiveness of the PGO in Occidental Mindoro. A total of 85% of the total number of employees were randomly selected to participate in the study. The findings indicate that inventory system’s implementation’s effectively supports PGO operations by streamlining processes, aiding core functions, and performing tasks efficiently, the system reliably reduces errors, generates accurate information, and supports decision-making-the highest-rated aspect is its ability to minimize recording and processing errors. Data can be easily shared across departments, workflows are improved, and inter-agency coordination is supported. On the other hand, there is a high extent of organizational challenges, especially in coordination, policy implementation, and support for system improvements. The Provincial Government Office of Occidental Mindoro demonstrates strong service delivery in quality, accessibility, responsiveness, and timeliness. While system functionality contributes meaningfully to service delivery, transparency, and organizational effectiveness, addressing organizational issues can meaningfully improve performance and transparency. System-related factors are key determinants of overall organizational performance, and when various challenges exist, technical issues have the strongest influence on overall performance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Karine May C. Palomino
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Karine May C. Palomino https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-15
publication date: 2026-03-15
starting page: 31
ending page: 40
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i3.3209

Using Orange Data Mining and Predictive Analytics for Analytical Workflows in Academic Research
type: item
description: This section examines methodological transparency and interpretability in computational social science through the use of Orange Data Mining. As analytical workflows are often distributed across multiple software environments, key preprocessing and modelling decisions can become difficult to trace, limiting reproducibility and interpretability. The section argues that transparent analytical design is essential, particularly in fields where explanation is as important as prediction. Orange is presented as a visual, open source platform that makes each stage of analysis explicit. By constructing workflows through connected modules, the platform allows researchers to inspect data transformations, parameter settings and evaluation procedures within a single environment. The argument is demonstrated using the Zoo dataset included in Orange. Through a structured sequence of exploratory analysis, dimensionality reduction, interpretable classification and cross validated evaluation, the section illustrates a complete analytical cycle. The example shows how visual workflow design can support methodological clarity and accountable research practice.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Raabia Riaz
creator: Muhammad Areeb Chatni
creator: Tanzeel ur Rehman
creator: Mehsam Bin Tahir
creator: Sherbaz Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Raabia Riaz, Muhammad Areeb Chatni, Tanzeel ur Rehman, Mehsam Bin Tahir, Sherbaz Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-11
publication date: 2026-03-11
starting page: 23
ending page: 30
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i3.3208

Obstructive Sleep Apnea in a Young Stroke: A Case Report
type: item
description: Stroke in young adults is relatively uncommon, and the underlying etiology often differs from that observed in older populations. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasingly recognized as an independent and underdiagnosed risk factor for cerebrovascular disease. We report the case of a 27-year-old previously healthy male who presented with acute right-sided weakness and slurred speech. Neuroimaging revealed an acute left basal ganglia infarct consistent with a lacunar stroke, and computed tomography angiography demonstrated no evidence of large-vessel occlusion. The patient received intravenous alteplase within two hours of symptom onset according to institutional stroke protocol. During hospitalization, he was observed to have loud snoring, excessive daytime somnolence, nasal speech, and grade 3 tonsillar hypertrophy, raising suspicion of obstructive sleep apnea as a contributing factor. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit levels suggestive of secondary polycythemia. The patient was treated with physiotherapy and secondary stroke prevention therapy and was referred for further evaluation of suspected sleep-disordered breathing. This case highlights the importance of considering obstructive sleep apnea as a potential contributor to ischemic stroke in young individuals without traditional vascular risk factors.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Mastura Zainol Abidin
creator: Mohd Sufian Adenan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mastura Zainol Abidin, Mohd Sufian Adenan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-10
publication date: 2026-03-10
starting page: 21
ending page: 22
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i3.3207

Status, Responsiveness, and Community Satisfaction with the Health Services in the Island Barangays of San Jose, Occidental Mindoro
type: item
description: This descriptive-correlational study assessed the health services status in the island barangays of San Jose, Occidental Mindoro. It focused on resource availability, accessibility, service coverage, and infrastructure quality. It also investigated the area of responsiveness of health workers in terms of technical health competence, resilience and adaptability, communication skills, and empathy. Furthermore, it measured community satisfaction with healthcare delivery in terms of timeliness, quality of care, facilities, and effectiveness of services. The study aimed to disclose how health service status and healthcare workers' responsiveness influence community satisfaction. A total of 370 residents, selected through stratified random sampling, were the study’s respondents. Data was collected using a researcher-made survey instrument and face-to-face interviews. Descriptive statistics summarized the services, responsiveness, and satisfaction, while correlation analyses identified the relationships among the variables. Findings revealed that the resource availability and accessibility are at a moderate level, with notable limitations in infrastructure and service coverage. Health workers were mostly responsive, particularly in communication and empathy, though there are deficiencies in technical training and adaptability. Community satisfaction ranged from moderate to high, with stronger ratings in quality of care and timeliness, and lowest ratings in facility adequacy and effectiveness of services. There is a significant relationship between the status of health services and the level of satisfaction in the community, as well as between the health workers' responsiveness and satisfaction, revealing that the quality of the service in the community is influenced by both structural and human factors. The study highlights the need for community health infrastructure enhancements, better resource allocation, and continuous capacity building for healthcare workers to foste…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Marc Jason Lasigas Gacula
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Marc Jason Lasigas Gacula https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-08
publication date: 2026-03-08
starting page: 8
ending page: 20
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i3.3206

Enhancing Preschool Children’s Attitudes Towards Emergent Writing Through Implementation of Writer’s Workshop and Interactive Writing in Katsina State, Nigeria
type: item
description: This study investigates how Writer's Workshop and Interactive Writing can improve pre-schoolers’ perceptions of emergent writing in Katsina State. The study included two pre-schoolers who took part in a series of organised writing sessions because it recognized the importance of positive attitudes in early literacy development. To find out how the kids felt about writing at first, directed interviews were conducted before the intervention. After both teaching strategies which placed a strong emphasis on teamwork, creativity, and peer support were put into practice, follow-up interviews were carried out to see if their opinions had changed. Preschool teacher’s thematic analysis of interview transcripts was used in the data analysis, which showed notable changes in the children's opinions on writing. After the session, children reported feeling more confident, enjoying, and wanting to participate in writing assignments. The results highlight how well Writer's Workshop and Interactive Writing may create a nurturing atmosphere that improves pre-schoolers’ writing attitudes. This study highlights the significance of early writing experiences in influencing children's literacy journeys and offers insightful information for educators in Katsina State. There is also a discussion of practical applications in early childhood education and suggestions for additional research.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Hassan Mohammad Taofik
creator: Fadzilah Amzah
creator: Abdul Wahab Musa
creator: Sulaiman Jubril Ismaila
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hassan Mohammad Taofik, Fadzilah Amzah, Abdul Wahab Musa, Sulaiman Jubril Ismaila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-08
publication date: 2026-03-08
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i3.3205

Impact of Nurse Leadership Style and Wellbeing Among Nurses in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review
type: item
description: Objectives: This systematic review examines how nurse leaders' leadership styles affect Saudi healthcare nurses' job happiness and well-being. It will also examine how leadership style affects nurse burnout, emotional distress, and stress, and whether well-being decline varies by nationality. Methods: The study objectives were met by a PRISMA-compliant systematic review. English papers published between January 2000 and December 2024 were found in PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and PsychINFO. Boolean operators “AND” and “OR” combined search phrases “nursing leadership,” “nursing job satisfaction,” “wellbeing,” and “leadership style.” The search targeted Saudi nurses. Results: This review uniquely gathers literature on Saudi nursing supervisor management styles and staff well-being. Leadership is essential to creating a supportive atmosphere through professional growth and lifetime learning. Analysis shows that transformational leadership improves organizational outcomes by building trust, motivation, belonging, and collaboration. Despite not improving job satisfaction or stress, transactional leadership helps complete tasks. Laissez-faire management always causes job unhappiness and burnout. The review covers the research gap on leadership's effects on job satisfaction, well-being, burnout, and workplace bullying. Conclusion: Positive working circumstances, nurse well-being, and turnover reduction require effective leadership. Nurse leader performance impacts patient and worker outcomes. Complex healthcare contexts require flexible leadership. Self-awareness, performance evaluation, and workplace aspects promote employee well-being. Leaders should emphasize relationships and assistance. To raise knowledge of how leadership styles affect staff well-being, all organizational levels need targeted, evidence-based leadership training.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Muna Aabid Abdullah Alharbi
creator: Dhakir Abbas Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muna Aabid Abdullah Alharbi, Dhakir Abbas Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
starting page: 80
ending page: 86
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i2.3204

Understanding Denial of Service Attacks in IoT Sensor and Wireless Sensor Networks
type: item
description: The Internet of Things (IoT) is a pervasive technology that has been rapidly deployed in various application domains such as smart homes, healthcare and wearables due to its ease of use and cost efficiency. IoT systems make use of sensors to monitor a phenomenon of interest autonomously with little to no human intervention. These widely distributed sensor nodes form a wireless sensor network (WSN) for sensing, task management and data collection. Despite its evolution, security in WSNs remains an ongoing challenge due to its resource constraints and the wireless communication medium. Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, for instance, are the most frequent attacks on these networks, with detrimental consequences like continuous battery drain in sensors, node failure and a degradation in network coverage. However, it remains unclear why DoS attacks are prevalent in WSNs therefore this paper presents a comprehensive study of DoS attacks in WSNs discussing the network architecture, its constraints, the network layers and the types of DoS attacks that target each layer. This layered analysis reveals that energy is the ultimate vulnerability, with 60% of the attacks being battery depletion attacks, the majority of which target the Network Layer.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Bonsa Guyo
creator: Lucy Gitau
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bonsa Guyo, Lucy Gitau https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
starting page: 75
ending page: 79
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i2.3203