International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Topics
Call for Papers Publish in Multidisciplinary Journal Volume 6, Issue 11, November 2025 (In Progress) 2000+ Articles | 5,000+ Authors | 30+ Countries Publication Process Submit Manuscript ISSN (Online): 2582-7839 Publication Frequency: Monthly Subject/Scope: Multidisciplinary Areas Publication Format: Online Publication Time: Within 3 Days Publication Fee: $52 (Africa), $59 (Others), ₹2000 (India) CrossRef DOI to all published articles No Additional Author and Page Charges Free e-certificates to authors International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Topics is an online open-access journal to publish research papers. The journal welcomes articles from all the academic disciplines. The journal aims to provide a platform for the authors to publish their research, with a focus on sharing the work with society in the process of the advancement of technology. The authors are advised to read the publication process and submit the paper to the journal. The journal welcomes research papers, review papers, project papers, and case studies for publication in IJRAMT.
A Noble PI-PD Controller Design Based on Extended State Space Predictive Functional Control Using Improved Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm
In proportional-integral-proportional-derivative (PI-PD) controller design based on extended state space predictive functional control (ESSPFC), the proper tuning of weighting matrix of cost function has a direct influence on the controller performance. However, the analytical method to determine it has not been unknown. To solve this problem, in this paper, an improved grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) is used to improve the performance of controller by optimizing the weighting matrix of cost function. To overcome the drawbacks of standard GOA, a linear shrinking coefficient is replaced by nonlinear shrinking coefficient, a mutation operation is adopted, and position updating formula is modified. The performance of proposed method is tested and compared with other methods based on PFC. Simulation results show that the proposed design method is much superior to other methods in terms of the set-point tracking, disturbance rejection and robustness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chung Hyok Kang, Kukhuan Jang, Jinsong Ri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Airport Privatization Management: Navigating Opportunities, Challenges, and Governance
Airport privatization has emerged as a global phenomenon as nations seek to reduce public spending, enhance operational efficiency, and attract private sector investment in aviation infrastructure. This study examines the fundamentals of airport privatization, analysing various operational models and their impact on management practices, overall performance, and the protection of public interests. The analysis considers how private sector involvement shapes service delivery, operational costs, safety protocols, and strategic development. Major obstacles are identified, including regulatory frameworks, questions of equity, and the tension between commercial priorities and public service responsibilities. The study concludes with practical guidance for decision-makers and airport administrators on achieving equilibrium between business goals and national development priorities while safeguarding passenger interests (Graham, 2011, 2020; Howell et al., 2022).
Copyright (c) 2025 Albalawi Salah Faleh, Dhakir Abbas Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Television Debates to Twitter Wars: Evolution of Political Rhetoric in Hybrid Media Systems
This study looks at the transformation of political rhetoric in a hybrid media environment - one that comprises both older and newer media now interacting with each other. It looks at how this interaction has changed the communication from the 1960s style of political debate on `the (old media) television style debate cult formation to the modern-day approach for stylized interactivity advocated by Twitter` and current communication. The older media and newer media have produced a fast interactive, personal style of communication. This also has produced polarization, echo chambers, and other impediments to democratic engagement. We show how rhetoric changes across media, and how the setting of agendas, framing of messages and mobilizing audiences now is different and pragmatic interaction along the television, print and digital trajectories present. We provide empirical case studies and from existing theoretical frameworks and conclude upon the discussion of implications for future research either engagement with media hybridity or not, in order to reflect upon the integrity of political discourse.
Copyright (c) 2025 Niyati Bist, Shivendu Rai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Prevention of COPD Among Staff Nurses Working at Selected Hospital, Rajpura, District Patiala, Punjab
The term chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) refers to a medical condition marked by chronic obstruction in the peripheral bronchus. The disease is disabling with symptoms such as chronic cough, wheezing, dyspnoea, and increase infection of respiratory passage resulting in a progressive and irreversible reduction of airflow. The prevalence of COPD is closely linked to tobacco use, and variations exist in its incidence, morbidity, and death between nations and demographic groups. Methodology: Descriptive Univarient research design will be adopted. Research study was conducted at Neelam Hospital, Rajpura, District Patiala, Punjab. Sample were selected by using non probability convenient sampling technique and self structured knowledge questionnaire will be used to assess the level of knowledge. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics Result: Mean and standard deviation knowledge score regarding COPD among staff nurses revealed that the mean knowledge score of staff nurses was (16.93) and standard deviation was 2.94. The frequency and percentage distribution of knowledge regarding COPD among staff nurses shows that majority of staff nurses 48 (80%) had average knowledge regarding COPD followed by 11 (18%) had good knowledge and 1 (2%) had poor knowledge regarding COPD.
Copyright (c) 2025 Manisha Kapoor, Rahul Sharma, Lovesampuran Kaur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effectiveness of E Module on Quality of Life Among Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review
Menopause is the most important division in the life of a woman. It is often associated with vasomotor symptoms, mood, and sleep disturbances which quite appreciably deteriorate quality of life (QoL). Informed care and self-care are two approaches that have recently gained popularity. This review discusses how effective these interventions are in different contexts within the improvement of menopausal women's QoL. Main aim: This systematic review aimed to explore evidence on the effectiveness E module interventions in improving the QoL of menopausal women. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Comprehensive searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for studies published between January 2020 and May 2025. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, and cohort designs assessing e-module or digital educational interventions for menopausal women. Data were extracted using a standardized form, and risk of bias was evaluated with Cochrane RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. Quantitative results were synthesized using a random-effects model to estimate standardized mean differences in quality-of-life outcomes, while heterogeneous data were summarized narratively. Findings: Educational and digital interventions improved menopausal women’s QoL significantly about the physical, psychosocial, and vasomotor aspects. Theory-based interventions, mobile applications, and structured programs improved knowledge, self-care, and engagement. Behavioral model-based and technological interventions have demonstrated greater acceptability and sustainability particularly when culturally tailored and personalized to the needs of midlife women. Conclusion: Educational and self-care interventions—even digital tools are effective in improving the QoL of menopausal women. Interventions that are based on a theory, personalized, and accessible produce the best outcomes. Structured education and mobile technologies should be adopted by healthcare providers to support women through their menopausal transition.
Copyright (c) 2025 Amnah Salman Alsubhi, Suriyakala Perumal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparative Analysis of the Anti-Epileptic Activity of Annona Muricata and Artocarpus Heterophyllus on MES Induced Seizures in Wistar Rats
The main objective of our assessment is the comparative study of the Anti Epileptic activity of Annona muricata and Artocarpus heterophyllus on MES induced seizures in Wistar Rats. Anticonvulsants (also known as antiepileptic drugs or recently as anti-seizure drugs) are a diverse group of pharmacological agents used in the treatment of epileptic seizures. Phenytoin is best standard drug for epileptic patients its belongs to Hydantoin derivatives. It works by decreasing abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Phenytoin is used to control seizures (convulsion), including tonic-clonic (grand mal) and psychomotor seizures, in the treatment of Epilepsy. The Hydro-alcoholic extracts of “Annona muricata and Artocarpus heterophyllus” were subjected to phytochemical analysis find out the presence and absence of phytochemical constituents. The phytochemical tests employed for “Annona muricata and Artocarpus were subjected to phytochemical analysis find out the presence and absence of Alkaloids, Protein, carbohydrates, flavonoids, other compounds found are tannins, saponins, terpenoids, glycosides. Results of the Present study show that the comparing Hydroalcoholic extract of Annona muricata and Artocarpus heterophyllus, Annona muricata leaves (400mg/kg) produced significant anticonvulsant effect against MES induced seizure in Rat.
Copyright (c) 2025 Susan Alby, V. Jenila Jose Jancy, S. Indira, S. Uma Maheswari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Virtual Reality vs. Augmented Reality: A Comparative Meta-Analysis of Immersive Learning Impact on STEM Education
This meta-analysis investigated the comparative effectiveness of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) in enhancing learning outcomes in STEM education. A total of 80 empirical studies published between 2015 and 2025 were analyzed using the PRISMA 2020 framework, encompassing 6,538 participants from 27 countries across primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. Effect sizes were computed as Hedges’ g under the DerSimonian–Laird random-effects model using R programming (Google Colab), Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA v4), and JASP 0.18.3 for cross-validation. The findings revealed large and statistically significant pooled effects for both technologies (AR: g = 0.82 [0.64, 1.00]; VR: g = 1.07 [0.85, 1.29]). Moderate heterogeneity (AR I² = 61%; VR I² = 68%) justified the random-effects approach, while publication bias tests indicated symmetrical funnel plots and non-significant Egger’s regression results, confirming the stability of estimates. Subgroup analyses showed that effect sizes increased with higher educational levels and longer intervention durations, and varied across outcome domains—VR yielding the highest effects in psychomotor and spatial skills, while AR excelled in affective engagement. The results align with the Cognitive-Affective Model of Immersive Learning (CAMIL), affirming that immersive technologies facilitate dual cognitive and emotional pathways to learning. The study concludes that AR and VR are transformative pedagogical tools that significantly improve conceptual understanding, engagement, and skill mastery in STEM, positioning immersive learning as a cornerstone of Education 4.0 innovation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lyndon Bermoy, Jenny Orbegoso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bridging the Digital Divide in Indian Education System: It’s Progress and Challenges in 21st Century
Information and communication technology plays a crucial role in advancing modern civilization. The swift advancement and wide spread adoption of information and communication technologies has expedited economic growth and social transformation, but digital divide continuous to be a pressing global issue, as there are still inequalities in the availability and use of digital technology among different regions of the world. The digital divide is seen between urban and rural populations, it also exists across individuals with different level of education, between different economic strata and among nations with varying levels of industrial development. This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the digital divide in India, specifically exploring important aspects such determinants, digital divide in India, Initiatives, significance of digital connectivity of contemporary society and recommendations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kour Simeran Jeet, Sofi Sobia Qadir, Bhat Seema Afzal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding Anemia Among Antenatal Mothers in Sadar Hospital, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Anemia is one of the most common nutritional disorders among antenatal mothers, particularly in developing countries like India. Physiological hemodilution during pregnancy, along with iron deficiency due to poor dietary intake and lack of awareness, contributes to its high prevalence. Despite government initiatives, anemia continues to affect maternal and fetal health outcomes. Methodology: A pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design will be adopted. The study was conducted among antenatal mothers visiting Sadar Hospital Ranchi, Jharkhand. Samples were selected through non probability purposive sampling technique. A structured knowledge questionnaire will be used to assess the level of knowledge before and after administering the planned teaching program. Data has analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The result of the present study findings are shows that, there was a significant improvement of knowledge among antenatal mother after administration of planned teaching program. The mean and SD of post-test knowledge score was (25.7±6.37) and pre-test knowledge score was (16.8±7.74). The paired 't' value (7.96) at level of significant (<0.05) shows that there is a statistical difference between pre-test and post-test level of knowledge score among antenatal mothers. The result supported that, the knowledge of antenatal mothers was improved after administration of planned teaching program of anemia antenatal mother. Conclusion: The planned teaching program is anticipated to be an effective strategy to enhance knowledge and awareness about anemia among antenatal mothers, thereby promoting better maternal and fetal health outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 P. Vijayashree, Rahul Sharma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Challenges Facing E-Government Initiatives on Public Service Delivery in Tanzania Public Organisations: A Case of Tanzania Posts Corporation Head Office
The study assessed Challenges facing e-government initiatives on public service delivery in Tanzanian public organizations, a case of Tanzania Posts Corporation Head Office. The objectives were to evaluate the level of digital services infrastructure implemented in enhancing service delivery by the Tanzania Posts Corporation Head Office, to examine the roles of capacity building and training of e-government initiatives on public service delivery. The study used both primary and secondary data and mixed approaches of both Qualitative and quantitative methods in analyzing the Challenges facing e-government initiatives on public service delivery in Tanzanian public organizations. This study was comprised of 102 respondents including members from Information and Communication Department (IT), Finance Department, Director of TPC, customers and Staff Members. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews and it was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26 and thematic analysis. The study revealed that there was generally positive sentiment towards the accessibility and efficiency of digital services. However, it also identified several significant challenges that hinder the full potential of e-government initiatives. These challenges include inadequate digital literacy among users, poor internet connectivity, and insufficient government funding. The research emphasized the critical role of ongoing capacity building and training programs in enhancing public servant skills and fostering greater public trust in e-government services. In conclusion, this study underscored the necessity for targeted interventions to bridge the digital divide, particularly for marginalized communities, and emphasized the urgent need for comprehensive awareness campaigns to enhance public engagement with e-government services. Recommendations include investing in digital literacy programs, improving internet connectivity, allocating adequate funding for e-government initiatives, and fostering a culture of innovation within public organizations to reduce bureaucratic resistance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hamadi Bakari Hamadi, Kassim Rashid Kiliza, Janet Emily Mutebe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparative Study of Nasopharyngeal Swab, Oropharyngeal Swab and Oral Saliva for the Diagnosis of COVID-19
Introduction: The world has been affected by COVID-19 in recent years. There are various sampling sites which have given different yields. Methods: In cross sectional, prospective and descriptive study, 3 sampling sites namely oropharyngeal (OP), nasopharyngeal (NP) and oral saliva (OS) were compared as regards to COVID-19 yield. Results: A total of 939 samples were collected from 313 patients. Among these patients, 16 had samples positive from all three sites. There were 6 patients who had both nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs which showed positive results for COVID-19, while there were 4 patients each in whom only either oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal swabs were positive. One patient had positive sample for oropharyngeal and oral saliva, while there was no patient in whom only saliva was positive. Thus a total of 27 patients had atleast one sample which was positive. Conclusion: Both nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples are important and also both samples should be taken from all patients in order to reduce false negative results. Oral saliva as the only sampling site cannot be relied on owing to its low yields.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nitin Gupta, Neelam Gulati, Surinder Kumar Singhal, Varsha Gupta, Sohini Walia, Diljot Sandhu, Isha Dhawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Institutional Related Factors Influencing Adherence to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Acute Coronary Syndrome Among Clinicians at Kenya Ports Authority Clinics in Mombasa, Kenya
Standard clinical guidelines like Advanced Cardiac Life Support by the American Heart Association are put in place to guide clinicians in the management of Acute Coronary Syndrome to improve the outcomes among the patients. The main purpose of the study was to assess the institutional related factors influencing adherence to the American Heart Association guidelines for Acute Coronary Syndrome among clinicians at Kenya Ports Authority clinics in Mombasa, Kenya. A descriptive cross-sectional study involving quantitative methods of data collection was adopted. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The target population was 106 clinicians attending to patients who present with Acute Coronary Syndrome at the KPA clinics in Mombasa. A Census method was used. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 and presented in tables. Ethical approval was sought from Mount Kenya University Ethics and Research Committee (MKU-ERC) and permission was granted from the National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation. The study concludes that the associations between availability (ᾳ=0.000), accessibility of the AHA guideline (ᾳ=0.002), training on ACS management (ᾳ=0.022) and provision of the resources (ᾳ=0.004) on adherence to AHA Guidelines among clinicians at Kenya Ports Authority clinics in Mombasa, Kenya were significant. The study recommends that the KPA management should increase the medical budget to ensure the availability of adequate resources. The Clinic management should ensure that medications are readily available and accessible. The KPA Clinic management should formulate a simple algorithm that outlines the steps to be taken when managing ACS patients.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mary Kavinya Mailu, Nilufa Jivraj Shariff, Ruth Mbugua https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effects of Political-Administration Dichotomy in Decision Making Process in Tanzania – A Case of Temeke Municipality
The study assessed Effects of political- administration dichotomy in decision making process in Tanzania. A case of Temeke Municipality. The objectives were to analyze the relationship between politicians and administrators in the decision-making process in Temeke Municipality, to examine how stakeholder engagement affects decision-making in Temeke Municipality. The study used both primary and secondary data and mixed approaches of both Qualitative and quantitative methods in analyzing the effects of political administration dichotomy in decision making process in Tanzania. This study was comprised 191 respondents included comprise of all Councilors, Heads of departments, WEO’s, VEO’s, DED and all village chairmen. Data were collected through questionnaires, and interviews and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 27 and thematic analysis. The findings reveal that significant political pressures undermine the quality of decisions made by administrators, with respondents indicating that political influence often prioritizes agendas over objective analysis, leading to favoritism and delays in the decision-making process. Additionally, stakeholder engagement is shown to enhance decision-making quality and accountability, although many respondents’ express skepticism regarding the seriousness with which public feedback is integrated into governance. Furthermore, the research identifies that conflicts between political agendas and administrative priorities hinder effective decision-making, exacerbated by inadequate communication and the current political climate, which complicates the separation of roles between political leaders and bureaucrats. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the necessity of fostering collaboration between politicians and administrators to improve governance outcomes, advocating for the establishment of independent oversight bodies to monitor political influence, the implementation of training programs to enhance understanding of the political-administration dichotomy, and the promotion of transparent communication channels to clarify roles and responsibilities. By prioritizing evidence-based decision-making and stakeholder engagement, local governance in Temeke Municipality can be strengthened, ultimately serving the community's genuine needs and restoring public trust in governmental institutions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Euzebyo Rodrick Msigwa, Joan Owade, Kassim Rashid Kiliza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Revolution: A Process of Radical Change Needed with Time
Poverty, inequality, injustice and lack of basic needs form the ground for a revolutionary upheaval in a country and it develops with time in the mind of the affected masses for radical alteration in basic values and beliefs. Imposition of anything with force on the masses that hurts the sentiment on the multitude is sure to fuel fire of a rebellion. History is replete with instances. The main cause of Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, the rebellion against the military forces of the British India, stands for hurting the religious sentiment of soldiers of both Hindu and Muslim community besides injustice and economic exploitation of the British East India Company. Apart from radical change in political order either through violent means or silent revolution, there are various kinds of fundamental changes from the outdated concept to new ones that we happen to witness in our daily life to suit in the demands of time. These may also be viewed as revolutions, be it in the field of education or in the field of commerce and industry or in the field of healthcare system and the like and take the civilization onto the roads of progress with smiling populace all around.
Copyright (c) 2025 Biswanath Kundu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Proneness to Criminality in Young Adults: The Role of Gender
The present study aimed to assess levels of proneness to criminality among young adults and examine the influence of gender on its various components. Criminality proneness was analyzed across six key dimensions: aggression, proneness to violence, psychopathic traits, disrespect towards law, and addiction proneness. Data were collected from a sample of young adults using a standardized assessment tool, and statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and independent samples t-tests, were conducted. Findings revealed that a majority of participants exhibited moderate levels of proneness across all components, with statistically significant differences noted among low, medium, and high levels (p < .001). Gender differences were also prominent, with male young adults scoring significantly higher in aggression, proneness to violence, and addiction proneness (p < .05), indicating a greater inclination toward externalizing behaviors. However, no significant gender differences were observed in psychopathic traits and disrespect towards the law. These results suggest that while most young adults demonstrate moderate risk levels, males may require particular attention in interventions targeting behavioral risk factors. The study highlights the need for early preventive strategies that are gender-sensitive and focused on mitigating risk behaviors that may lead to delinquency or criminal activity during the formative adolescent years. Further research is recommended to explore contextual and environmental influences.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pradeep Kumara, Lancy D’Souza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Study of the Importance of Research Methodology in Library and Information Science
This study is highlight that research methodology is very important in Library and Information Science field for conducting rigorous and reliable research to advance the field. It emphasizes the need for a proper methodology to systematically collect and analyze data to address research problems, whether basic or applied. The study also point out to the increasing complexity and diversity of research methods in LIS, the prevalence of quantitative approaches like surveys, and the need for a systematic approach to identify gaps and inform future practice.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dashrath Singh Nag https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Existential Alienation in Arun Joshi’s The Foreigner: An Analysis
Arun Joshi’s The Foreigner examines the theme of existential alienation through its protagonist Sindi Oberoi, a man who endures profound disconnection from himself, society, and cultural roots. Born in Kenya to an Indian father and English mother and educated across continents, Sindi epitomizes rootlessness and identity crisis, embodying the modern “foreigner” in both literal and existential terms. Joshi employs a complex narrative structure with flashbacks and intense psychological insight to probe Sindi’s emotional detachment and quest for meaning amidst loss and trauma. The novel is a seminal exploration of alienation as both social estrangement and inner spiritual void, highlighting the tension between involvement and detachment, love and hate, belonging and displacement. Sindi’s eventual struggle towards acceptance and responsibility signals a tentative reconciliation with existence, reflecting existentialist concerns with authenticity, freedom, and anguish. This study analyzes the manifestations of alienation in Joshi’s work, using textual evidence to demonstrate how the protagonist’s fragmented selfhood critiques modern dislocation and underscores the human condition’s enduring challenges. The Foreigner remains a landmark in Indian English literature for its existential depth and philosophical concerns.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sanjay Kumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
On the Difference Between Proteus Simulation Program and Practice in Single Power Supply Use of μA741
Since the use of simulation software is widely used in designing electronic circuits, it is very important to increase the accuracy of the simulation program. We found the difference between the simulation results of the simulation software Proteus and the experiment results in the single power supply use of the μA741 operational amplifier and verified the experimental results through the analysis of the internal structure of the μA741 op amp. In the Proteus 8.15 simulation program, the inverting input level of the op amp using a single power supply varies according to the value of the negative feedback resistor. The experiment showed that when using a single power supply of 15 V and applying negative feedback to μA741, the inverting input voltage is almost 2 V rather than 1.5 V.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chol Min Ri, Kuk Chon Ho, Tae Huan Ko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment of Food Hygiene and Safety Among Food Vendors in Motor Parks in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
Food vending is a prevalent economic activity in many developing countries, offering affordable and convenient meals, particularly in high-traffic areas such as motor parks. However, inadequate hygiene practices among vendors pose significant public health risks, contributing to the spread of foodborne illnesses. Ensuring food hygiene and safety is critical to protecting consumer health. Objective: This study assessed the food hygiene and safety practices among food vendors in motor parks in Maiduguri, Borno State. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 food vendors selected via multistage sampling from major motor parks in Maiduguri. Data were collected using semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and observational checklists, analyzed with SPSS version 30 (p ≤ 0.05). Results showed that 66.2% of vendors demonstrated good knowledge, 63.2% had positive attitudes, but only 80.2% consistently applied safe practices. Gaps included inadequate handwashing duration (23.8%) and improper disposal of leftovers (67.2%). Observational data confirmed deficiencies, with only 34% of the measures effectively preventing flies. Higher income (≥₦100,000) and tertiary education were unexpectedly associated with poorer practices. Despite adequate awareness, the lack of formal training and enforcement hinders the consistent adoption of best practices. To improve food safety, regular hygiene training, adequate infrastructure such as handwashing stations, and stricter regulatory enforcement are recommended. Collaboration among health authorities, local governments, and vendor associations is essential to bridge the knowledge-practice gap and ensure the safety of street-vended food.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aisha Aliyu Abulfathi, Fatima Lawan Bukar, Umar Bello, Jeremiah Yaga Maina, Auwal Muhammad Bukar, Raiyan Ahmad, Muhammad Ahmad Hamma, Muhammad Bello Shuaibu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bullying Management Approaches of Public Schools in San Felipe District, Schools Division of Zambales: Basis for Anti-bullying Program
School bullying is considered a serious concern worldwide. While there have been significant efforts to evaluate school-based anti-bullying interventions, the implementation process and the effectiveness of bullying management approaches implemented by educators in reducing bullying in schools have not been previously evaluated. In this context, this study aimed in assessing the bullying management approaches of public schools in the District of San Felipe, Schools Division of Zambales. The study used survey questionnaire as a research tool in determining the perception in bullying and management approaches as basis of crafting the intervention program. The study findings revealed that the student-respondents are female, middle adolescents, Grade 6, who belong to a family of average earners, living with their parents as their guardians, who are serving as housekeepers. The student-respondents strongly agreed on the nature, behavior of bullies and effects of bullying in public schools. The teacher-respondents reported that their bullying management approaches implemented in public schools in the District of San Felipe, Schools Division of Zambales was very effective. There was significant difference on the perception of students towards nature of bullying when they are grouped according to age, grade level and guardian’s occupation; significant in terms of behavior of bullies when they are grouped according to sex, family income, guardian classification, and guardian’s occupation; and significant in terms of effects of bullying when they are grouped according to age, grade level, family income and guardian’s occupation. There was significant difference on the perception of teacher-respondents towards bullying management approaches. The devised intervention program aimed to lesson bullying among students in public schools in the District of San Felipe, Schools Division of Zambales.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vanessa Joy C. Sinoro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Rotor-Bearing System with Coupled Fault of Parallel Misalignment, Unbalance and Impact Rubbing
Misalignment and rubbing faults between the rotor and stator of rotor-bearing system are the most common faults of rotating machines. In this paper, the nonlinear dynamic behavior of rotor-bearing system with coupled fault of parallel misalignment, unbalance and rubbing is investigated. The equations of motion of the rotor system are derived by Lagrange’s equations, and many techniques such as bifurcation diagram, Poincare diagram, axial orbit, time domain waveform and amplitude spectrum diagram are employed to study the dynamic behavior of rotor system with rubbing, mass unbalance and parallel misalignment faults. The effect of variation of the parallel misalignment on various nonlinear phenomena such as periodic, three-periodic and quasi-periodic motions is investigated. Finally, some significant results for the safe operation and accurate identification of faults in rotating machinery are provided.
Copyright (c) 2025 In-Chol Kim, Jong-Hyang Choe, Kum-Song Ri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimal Tuning of Fractional Order Sliding Mode Controller with Adaptive CS Algorithm for PMSM Speed Control
To improve dynamic quality and control performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) speed control, the fractional order sliding mode controller (FOSMC-PID) with PID sliding surface was designed and its parameters were tuned optimally by adaptive Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm. The newly proposed adaptive rules of the Lévy distribution and abandon probability coefficients in adaptive CS algorithm ensure the optimal tuning of the controller parameters. The proposed control system achieves small chattering phenomenon with fast convergence speed in PMSM speed control. Through MATLAB simulation, the PMSM speed control performance of integer-order SMC and fractional-order SMC, and the parameter tuning results by CS algorithm and PSO algorithm are compared and analyzed. The simulation results show that the proposed controller design method not only has good dynamic response but also has strong robustness to disturbances.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Incidence of Metal Specific Hyper-Accumulation (HMA4) Gene in Wild and Cultivated Plant Species
Plant hyper-accumulate metals, leading to exceedingly high levels in the plant tissues, with biochemical and possible molecular evidences of this phenomenon. The present work attempts to ascertain the molecular imprint of heavy metal hyper-accumulation in plants using HMA4 gene. Four hyper-accumulating plant species; Eichhornia crassipes, Ludwigia decurrens, Pistia stratiotes and Solanum melongena were analyzed for heavy metal content using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer. The presence of a member gene; HMA4 that expresses heavy metal ATPase for Cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn) within the hyper-accumulation gene-complex HMA complex was analyzed using Polymerase Chain Reaction and Sanger sequencing. The results show that the elemental contents accumulated in the plant species investigated followed the order; Fe > Mn > Na > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Cd > Co, with Se and Pb varying. Pistia stratiotes recorded higher concentration of Cd and Cr (1.48 and 16.06ppm) respectively. Other plants range between 0.94 - 0.95 and 6.38 - 9.63 for Cd and Cr respectively. The plant species significantly accumulated higher metal content than permissible levels (ρ = 0.05). However, none of the species showed significant accumulating prowess than the others (ρ = 0.05). Only Pistia stratiotes expressed the HMA4 gene; indicating, the gene is probably responsible for the active uptake of Cd and Cr and thus is specific for Cd uptake in Pistia stratiotes. The results hold environmental as well as crop improvement potential for the species- Pistia stratiotes.
Copyright (c) 2025 John Oluwashola Adeusi, Conrad A. Omonhinmin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Speed Control Using Chattering Free Sliding Mode Control and RBF Neural Network
This paper proposes a full order terminal sliding mode (FOTSM) control scheme for the speed loop in the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) servo system. Firstly, to overcome the chattering problem of the sliding mode control, the full order sliding mode control scheme is proposed for speed control of PMSM system. Then, novel adaptive FOTSM control scheme is designed based on the RBF neural network. The radial based function (RBF) neural network is used to estimate the disturbances. The proposed controller requires no prior knowledge about the dynamics of the PMSM servo system and no off-line learning phase. Lyapunov stability analysis and MATLAB simulation results indicate the superiority of the proposed method.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tae Hyong Ri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Robust Random Cut Forest Based Event Detection Method for Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring
Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) can provide the appliance-level power consumption information without deploying submeters in each load, in which load event detection is one of the crucial steps. However, the existing event detection methods are not efficient to detect both starting time of event (STE) and ending time of event (ETE), and the scalability is limited. To tackle these problems, this paper has proposed an event detection method based on robust random cut forest (RRCF) that is an unsupervised learning algorithm for detecting anomalous data points within a dataset. It has been validated on REDD dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed event detection method performs better than state-of-the-art.
Selection of the Curve Trajectory Type of Dump Scroll Tracks of the Inclined Skip and Energy Analysis During Unloading
In open pit mines, the unloading process of the inclined skip is a process of the variation in the tension of the hoisting rope, i.e. the energy of the skip-rope system, which depends on the structure of the skip and the track type of the dump scroll tracks. This study analyzes the energy consumption of a skip-rope system according to the track type of the dump scroll tracks when the inclined skips are unloaded in the dump scroll tracks. To this end, the dump scroll tracks equations are formulated and the cam design theory is applied to derive novelty equations (cosine and linear accretion track) for two types of dump scroll tracks. Next, the Discrete Element Method (DEM) software is used to analyze the skip unloading process in both tracks and the dynamic simulation is performed using Visual Nastran software. From the dynamic simulation, the tension of the hoist rope is obtained and based on it, the energy consumed during unloading is obtained. From the results of the final study, it can be seen that the cosine track is superior to the linear accretion track, regardless of the change in the characteristics of the load on the skip (egg group distribution, viscosity) in terms of the energy consumed in the skip-rope system during the unloading process. The results of the proposed study are of great significance in studying the structure and the dump scroll tracks type of large inclined skips in engineering practice.
Copyright (c) 2025 In Chol Paek, Il Kwang Tae, Song Ri, Song Su Kim, Chang Il Kim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Determinants of Kidney Transplantation Uptake Among Hemodialysis Patients in Gaborone, Botswana
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing health concern globally, with a disproportionate burden in low- and middle-income countries, including Botswana, where prevalence exceeds global averages. Although hemodialysis (HD) is the most commonly used form of renal replacement therapy (RRT), evidence consistently shows that kidney transplantation (KT) is more cost-effective, improves quality of life, prolongs survival, and enhances economic productivity. Despite Botswana’s provision of fully subsidized RRT services—including HD, peritoneal dialysis (PD), and KT—transplantation remains underutilized. This study assessed the determinants of KT uptake among HD patients in Gaborone, Botswana. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 163 HD patients sampled proportionally across three dialysis centres in Gaborone. Data were collected using structured questionnaires on socio-demographic, patient-related, and healthcare factors. Descriptive statistics summarized participant characteristics, while chi-square tests and linear probability regression were employed to identify predictors of KT uptake. Only 17.2% of participants had initiated the transplantation process, indicating low uptake despite available services. Bivariate analysis demonstrated significant associations between gender, educational attainment, donor availability, and provider-related factors (education and referral) with KT uptake. In the multivariate regression model, age, donor availability, and referral by healthcare providers remained independent predictors (p < 0.05). Patient knowledge, comorbidities, and cultural or religious beliefs were not significantly associated. The most cited barriers were lack of a suitable donor (39.4%) and inadequate information (33.6%). Kidney transplantation uptake among HD patients in Gaborone remains low, with most patients not progressing in the transplant pathway. Donor availability, age, and provider referral emerged as key determinants, underscoring the urgent need to strengthen referral systems, improve patient education, and expand donor options to enhance access to transplantation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Cynthia G. Mokgosi, Barako Talaso, Paul Wambugu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Changing Structure of Marriage in Lambani Community: A Sociological Study (Special Reference to Tarikere Taluk)
Marriage is the most ancient and fundamental institutions of human society. The main purpose of these is to nurture culture and fulfil sexual needs. According to sociologists, marriage is a social consent for reproduction and sexual satisfaction for both men and women. The role of marriage is to control the aggressions that may occur in society, provide security to the lives of women and men, and make social life easier. The rituals and practices of marriage differ from caste to caste. The marriage rituals are formed against the background of the aspirations and cultural practices of different castes and races. The marriage rituals of the Lambani tribe are different from the marriage rituals of other Hindu castes and tribes and include the most important aspects of their culture. The Lambani tribe has a sacred feeling about marriage. For them, marriage is not only a consent given by society for sexual satisfaction and reproduction, it is a sweet bond that unites hearts. Their marriage rituals bring the bride and groom closer physically, mentally, and deepen human relationships. Banjara, Lambani, Nayak Gormata are a tribe residing mainly in Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Originally from Rajasthan and Gujarat, they speak the Lambani language. They are currently nomadic and there is a temple of Sewalal and Mariyamma Devi in every Panjara Tandya. Even after two and a half centuries, Sewalal is still worshipped by the entire Banjara community. Many Lambani words are Lambani, style dances, Vaja (singing) and many other Panjara culture. The Banjara community has made an immense contribution to the rich Indian art culture with its own costumes.
Copyright (c) 2025 S. K. Mohana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Dalit literature has emerged as a transformative force in Indian literary traditions, challenging entrenched caste hierarchies and redefining the aesthetics of storytelling. Unlike mainstream literature, whose aesthetic sensibilities often privilege upper-caste norms of beauty, form, and language, Dalit literature foregrounds lived experiences of marginalization, oppression, and resistance as the foundation of artistic value. This paper critically examines the aesthetics of Dalit literature by situating it within historical, socio-political, and theoretical contexts. Drawing upon Ambedkarite philosophy, subaltern theory, and postcolonial literary criticism, it explores how Dalit writers subvert dominant literary canons and construct alternative aesthetic frameworks grounded in authenticity, social truth, and moral urgency. Through detailed analyses of seminal works such as Omprakash Valmiki’s Joothan (2003), Sharankumar Limbale’s Akkarmashi (The Outcaste), and Namdeo Dhasal’s poetry, the study identifies recurring themes of caste oppression, cultural reclamation, and linguistic innovation. The research also incorporates comparative perspectives, linking Dalit aesthetics to other literatures of resistance, including African-American and Indigenous writing, to highlight the universal resonance of marginalized voices. By foregrounding the interplay between politics and aesthetics, the paper argues that the value of Dalit literature lies not only in its socio-political message but also in its redefinition of artistic beauty—where truth, dignity, and emancipation become aesthetic ideals. This approach expands the scope of literary criticism and invites a more inclusive understanding of art in the Indian context.
Copyright (c) 2025 Manushree https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Qualitative Research Capability Needs of Senior High School Teachers: Basis for In-Service Training
Proficiency in qualitative research is essential for understanding complex social phenomena, advancing theories, and informing policy decisions. Despite its significance, many educators, particularly in ASEAN countries, face challenges in mastering qualitative methodologies due to insufficient training and exposure. This study assessed the qualitative research capacity of teachers at Tapinac Senior High School, Philippines, using Creswell’s (2020) framework of 30 essential qualitative research skills. The research employed a descriptive-correlational design, surveying 50 teachers to evaluate their competencies in key areas such as understanding qualitative research, data collection, analysis, writing, and publishing. Findings revealed that while teachers perceived themselves as "Fairly Capable" across most constructs, they exhibited weaknesses in advanced skills like data validation, publishing, and qualitative design evaluation. Significant differences in research ability were observed based on age, prior research experience, and participation in training seminars. Notably, a positive correlation was found between the number of training sessions attended and research competence, emphasizing the need for structured professional development. The study underscores the necessity of tailored in-service training programs to enhance teachers' qualitative research skills, ultimately improving their instructional and research capabilities in alignment with the K-12 curriculum’s demands.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mercedita S. Fernandez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0