International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Topics
Call for Papers Publish in Multidisciplinary Journal Volume 7, Issue 2, February 2026 2000+ Articles | 5,000+ Authors | 30+ Countries Publication Process Submit Manuscript ISSN (Online): 2582-7839 Publication Frequency: Monthly Subject/Scope: Multidisciplinary Areas Publication Format: Online Publication Time: Within 3 Days Publication Fee: $52 (Africa), $59 (Others), ₹2000 (India) CrossRef DOI to all published articles No Additional Author and Page Charges Free e-certificates to authors International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Topics is an online open-access journal to publish research papers. The journal welcomes articles from all the academic disciplines. The journal aims to provide a platform for the authors to publish their research, with a focus on sharing the work with society in the process of the advancement of technology. The authors are advised to read the publication process and submit the paper to the journal. The journal welcomes research papers, review papers, project papers, and case studies for publication in IJRAMT.
Beyond a Threshold: Diminishing Resilience Gains from Additional Fiber Exit Paths Under Correlated Weather Disturbances
Telecommunication network resilience strategies frequently assume that increasing the number of geographically diverse terrestrial fiber exit paths proportionally improves availability and survivability. This assumption breaks down under correlated weather disturbances such as basin-wide floods, cloudbursts, landslides, cyclonic envelopes, and heat-driven failures, which can impair multiple routes simultaneously and constrain restoration access. This paper introduces an orthogonal risk-domain framing: resilience gains depend less on the number of terrestrial paths and more on the number of decorrelated Orthogonal Spatial Risk Zones (OSRZ) a geography can realistically support. Once OSRZ saturates—often around 4 in mountainous regions and 5 in well-connected central regions—additional terrestrial exits largely replicate existing risk domains and provide negligible improvement under widespread events. We conclude that seamless continuity of globally distributed Internet services requires a layered approach: (i) adding orthogonal risk domains such as OPGW/power corridors and satellite as an emergency layer, and (ii) weather hardening (“bulletproofing”) of both terrestrial and OPGW routes, since redundancy alone is limited by common-cause failures and correlated regional hazards.
Copyright (c) 2026 Huneef Mohammad Sofi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimization of a Double Wishbone Torsion Bar Spring Suspension System for a Hub Motor-Driven Vehicle
This paper analyzes and optimizes the kinematics of a double-wishbone torsion bar suspension for in-wheel motor EVs, addressing performance degradation due to hard point changes. A parametric model was built in ADAMS/Car. Parallel wheel travel simulation generated curves for toe, camber, caster, and kingpin inclination angles versus wheel travel. Results showed the initial toe angle exceeded its ideal range, and the kingpin inclination failed to stay within the 7~13° design specification, indicating a need for optimization. Using Adams/Insight, sensitivity analysis identified the upper/lower control arm and tie rod inner hard points as critical. DOE and multi-objective optimization were applied to these hard points. Post-optimization results confirm effective improvement: caster angle variation was reduced by 35.9% with a 0.09° downward shift; kingpin inclination variation decreased by 13.6%, its minimum value increased by 0.42°, achieving a more desirable range. This work enhances suspension performance and delivers a systematic optimization method for similar suspension systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zhirui Liu, Xiaojun Zou, Liukai Yuan, Can Cao, Rui Lian, Liangmo Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ayurvedic Concept of Virya and its Correlation with Modern Thermogenic and Bioenergetic Effects: An Integrative Review
Virya is a fundamental Ayurvedic pharmacodynamic attribute representing the immediate bioenergetic effect of a substance, classically categorized as Ushna (hot) or Shita (cold). Although Virya is not defined by physical temperature, its clinical implications include modulation of digestion (Agni), metabolism, circulation, and inflammation. Contemporary biomedical research has explored thermogenesis, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and sympathetic activation induced by dietary herbs and spices—many of which are classified as Ushna Virya in Ayurveda. This review critically correlates Ayurvedic Virya with measurable thermogenic and metabolic effects documented through in vitro, animal, and human studies. Conceptual overlaps, mechanistic parallels, and limitations are discussed, highlighting opportunities for integrative research and standardization.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aishwarya Ganesh Joshi, Aniket Yashwant Joshi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Historical Memory and Education: A Comparative Study of How the History of the “Moro Wars” and the Lumad Struggles are Taught in the Philippine National Curriculum Versus How they are Taught in the Schools of the BARMM and Lumad-Run
This paper presents a comparative study of how the history of the “Moro wars” and the Lumad struggles are taught in the Philippine national curriculum versus how they are taught in the schools of the BARMM and Lumad-Run.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ryan M. Batalo, Mosfira S. Mahdi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sari-Sari Stores as Micro-Economies of Peace in Post-Conflict Communities: An Ethnographic Study on Women and Informal Trade in Baloi, Lanao Del Norte
This study examines the role of women-managed sari-sari stores as micro-economies of peace in post-conflict communities in Baloi, Lanao del Norte, highlighting the intersection of informal trade, household livelihood, social cohesion, and grassroots peacebuilding. Situated within the post-conflict recovery context in Mindanao, it explores how everyday economic activities contribute to community stability and trust-building. Employing a descriptive mixed-methods ethnographic design, the study integrated quantitative and qualitative approaches to capture both measurable patterns and lived experiences. Fourteen purposively selected women sari-sari store owners participated, providing data through survey questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and ethnographic observations. Findings show that sari-sari stores serve as primary or significant sources of household income and are largely sustained through family support networks, reflecting the collective nature of women’s entrepreneurship. Beyond economic functions, the stores act as informal social spaces where trust, reciprocity, and cooperation are cultivated through daily interactions, small loans, and participation in community activities. Women’s engagement in these enterprises enhances their social status, influence, and leadership within households and the broader community, positioning them as informal peacebuilders. Despite challenges such as limited capital and market constraints, women demonstrate resilience and agency in sustaining their businesses. The study concludes that women-led micro-enterprises play a vital role in promoting household resilience and social cohesion. Strengthening these initiatives through access to microfinance, skills development, and community-based programs can enhance local peacebuilding and should be integrated into post-conflict recovery strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Norfaisah B. Mamintal, Norjanah M. Moraki, Johanesah S. Hadji Omar, Diamond N. Tawano-Macarimbang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Information Booklet on Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Osteoporosis Among Female Teachers in Raipur, Chhattisgarh
Osteoporosis causes bones to become weak and brittle - so brittle that a fall or even mild stresses such as bending over or coughing can cause a fracture. Osteoporosis-related fractures most commonly occur in the hip, wrist or spine. Bone is living tissue that is constantly being broken down and replaced. Osteoporosis occurs when the creation of new bone doesn't keep up with the loss of old bone. Osteoporosis affects men and women of all races. But white and Asian women, especially older women who are past menopause, are at highest risk. Medications, healthy diet and weight-bearing exercise can help prevent bone loss or strengthen already weak bones. The present study aims to “assess the effectiveness of information booklet on knowledge regarding prevention of osteoporosis among female teachers in Raipur (C.G.).” Objectives: 1) To assess the pretest and posttest level of knowledge on prevention of osteoporosis among female teachers. 2) To evaluate the effectiveness of information booklet on knowledge regarding prevention of osteoporosis among female teachers. 3) To find the association between the knowledge on prevention of osteoporosis among female teachers and selected socio demographic variable. Material and methods: The research approach used was an experimental quantitative evaluative research approach, and the research design of the study was quantitative pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test research design was used for the study. The sample was selected using convenience sampling technique. The study is comprised of 60 female teachers at selected school of Raipur (C.G.). The variables under the study are independent and dependent variables. Independent variable is information booklet regarding prevention of osteoporosis among female teachers and dependent variables is knowledge of female teachers regarding prevention of osteoporosis. A self- structured questionnaire was prepared to assess knowledge regarding prevention of osteoporosis. Validity was ensured through experts and used to test Karl Pearson correlation coefficient was used to test reliability of tools, its value for tool (r=0.7). The data obtained were analysed and interpreted in term of objective and hypothesis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis; the level of significance was at 0.05.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shikha Patel, Abhilekha Biswal, G. Hemavati, Sreemini Pillai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Medi-Intel Engine is an AI driven system which supports accurate and timely clinical decision making. Medi-Intel Engine leverages machine learning techniques and data analytics to enable efficient health monitoring, disease prediction, and decision support. The system integrates heterogeneous healthcare data, including electronic health records, physiological signals, and lifestyle parameters, to extract meaningful patterns and assess health risks. Advanced learning models are employed to analyze patient data and generate predictive insights that assist healthcare professionals in early diagnosis and preventive care. The proposed Medi-Intel Engine is designed to improve diagnostic accuracy, reduce clinical workload, and enhance overall healthcare efficiency. Unlike humans, artificial intelligence does not require rest. AI systems can be employed to continuously monitor critical indicators of patients receiving primary care and find clinicians when particular risk factors rise. As AI models are capable of learning and retaining patterns, they can deliver personalized, real-time recommendations to patients on a continuous basis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Naznin A. Qayyum Shaikh, V. C. Maindargi, P. S. Kolhe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Management and Prevention of Tuberculosis in Health Care Personnel Among B.Sc. Nursing 2nd Year Student in Selected Nursing College, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh
Tuberculosis (TB) infection control is a combination of measures aimed at minimizing the risk of transmission within a population. It is well established that health care workers (HCWs) have a considerably higher risk of occupationally acquired tuberculosis (TB). To reduce the transmission of TB to HCWs and patients, TB infection control programs should be implemented in health care settings. The first and most important level of all protection and control programs is administrative control. Its goals are to prevent HCWs, other staff, and patients from being exposed to TB, and to reduce the transmission of infection by ensuring rapid diagnosis and treatment of affected individuals. Administrative control measures recommended by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization include prompt identification of people with TB symptoms, isolation of infectious patients, control of the spread of the pathogen, and minimization of time spent in health care facilities. Another key component of measures undertaken is the baseline and serial screening for latent TB infection in HCWs who are at risk of exposure to TB. Although the interferon-gamma release assay has some advantages over the tuberculin skin test, the former has serious limitations, mostly due to its high conversion rate. Objectives: To develop and administer structured teaching programme regarding management and prevention of tuberculosis in health care personnel among B.Sc. Nursing 2nd year student in selected Nursing college of Bhilai (C.G.). To assess the pre-test and post-test knowledge regarding management and prevention of tuberculosis in health care personnel among B.Sc. Nursing 2nd year student in selected Nursing college of Bhilai (C.G). To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on post-test knowledge regarding management and prevention of tuberculosis in health care personnel among B.Sc. Nursing 2nd year students. To find association between pre-test knowledge regarding management and prevention of tuberculosis in health care personnel and selected socio demographic variables. Material and Methods: The research approach used was an experimental approach, and the research design of the study was pre-experimental one group pre-test, post-test research design. The non-probability convenient sampling techniques was used to select 60 nursing students from P.G. College of Nursing Bhilai, Durg (C.G). The variables under the study are independent and dependent variables. Independent variables is structured teaching programme regarding Management and prevention of TB in health care personnel and dependent variables is knowledge of nursing student regarding Management and prevention of TB. A self-structured questionnaire was prepared to assess knowledge regarding Management and prevention of TB in health care personnel. Reliability of the tool was 0.98. The data obtained were analyzed and interpreted in terms of objective and hypothesis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis, the level of highly significance was at 0.001. Results: major findings of these studies are out of 60 sample, in relation over all Analysis related to pre-test and post-test knowledge score regarding management and prevention of tuberculosis in health care personnel among B.Sc. Nursing 2nd year student. In post-test, majority of subjects 36 (60%) had excellent knowledge, 24 (40%) had good knowledge, and none of subjects had average poor knowledge.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sonam Goyal, Abhilekha Biswal, G. Hemavati, Sreemini Pillai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Brief Review of Impacts of Environmental Pollutants on the Public Health of Assam
This review aims to identify critical environmental degradation issues affecting public health in Assam. A systematic literature search was conducted using Scopus and Google Scholar with the keywords “Environmental Degradation” AND “Public Health” AND “Assam.” Relevant studies were analysed using a qualitative deductive coding approach, guided by a custom-developed codebook based on the study’s objectives. The review reveals widespread contamination of drinking water, soil, and air across Assam, involving pollutants such as arsenic, fluoride, iron, manganese, lead, cadmium, organochlorine pesticides, particulate matter, and microbial agents. These exposures are linked to both acute infections and chronic noncommunicable diseases, disproportionately affecting children, women, and vulnerable communities, including rural and tribal populations. The findings provide a consolidated overview of the environmental health landscape in Assam and highlight significant gaps in the literature. This review offers a foundation for future research and policy interventions aimed at mitigating environmental health risks in the region.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sagarmoy Phukan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Dynamics of Sand Extraction in Amazonian Fluvial Systems: Geological Aspects and Environmental Impacts in the Jamari Valley, Rondônia
Sand extraction is one of the most significant mining activities supporting the civil construction sector, forming an essential link in the infrastructure and urban development supply chain. In Brazil, this activity has considerable economic and social relevance, particularly in regions with substantial sedimentary potential, such as the Jamari Valley in the state of Rondônia. This study examines sand extraction in the region by addressing geological, productive, and environmental aspects associated with the activity. The results indicate that the Jamari Valley contains recent sedimentary formations predominantly composed of alluvial deposits, whose granulometric characteristics make them suitable for civil construction applications. However, the study also reveals significant environmental impacts arising from irregular extraction practices, including river siltation, riverbank degradation, loss of riparian vegetation, and alterations in hydrosedimentary dynamics. These impacts highlight the necessity of strengthening regulatory oversight and implementing public policies that promote sustainable extraction practices. Ensuring the sustainable use of sand resources, alongside strict adherence to environmental legislation, is crucial for maintaining the long-term viability of sand mining in the Jamari Valley.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dhione Marcos da Silva, Philippe Tiago Ferreira Costa, Robert Felix de Souza, Roemir Peres Machado Moreira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Laboratory Technicians from Bangalore
Background: Musculoskeletal problems are faced by everyone in daily life. Most of the musculoskeletal pain is work or occupation related. Over a period of time due to increased hours of work and constant postural habits, work related musculoskeletal pain has evolved. The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) is high in occupations which involve constant postures for long hours, excessive use of specific movements, lack of corrective measures taken etc. like IT professionals, call centre jobs, laboratory technicians, watch repairers, Tailors and many more. Of these, microscope users show high prevalence of neck pain, shoulder pain, elbow pain, hand pain and back pain. Aim of the Study: This study is aimed to find out the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Laboratory technicians from Bangalore Methodology: In this study a total of 100 laboratory technicians of age group 23 to 60 will be tested for musculoskeletal disorders. They will be evaluated Using the standardized general questionnaire of the Nordic musculoskeletal pain questionnaire. Result: The study examined musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among 100 laboratory technicians. Participants were 52% female and 48% male, with a mean age of 28.94 ± 8.71 years; most (76%) were 20–29 years old. The highest 12-month prevalence was in the lower back (24%), neck (20%), and upper back (20%), with 7-day rates of 13%, 13%, and 11% respectively. Functional limitations were most associated with neck and upper back pain (15% each) and lower back pain (13%). Other regions, including shoulders, hips, knees, and ankles, showed lower prevalence and fewer limitations. Neck, upper back, and lower back pain were most disabling. Conclusion: The study found musculoskeletal pain to be common among laboratory technicians, especially in the neck, upper back, and lower back. These regions caused the most functional limitations, affecting work and daily activities. Prolonged standing, repetitive tasks, and awkward postures were key occupational factors contributing to these disorders.
Copyright (c) 2026 S. Thunga Priya, Edwin Issahak, A. K. Vijay Krishna Kumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effectiveness of Nerve Mobilization with Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation in Patients with Cervical Radiculopathy
Background: Cervical radiculopathy is a dysfunction of nerve root of the cervical spine is irritated and compressed, where C6 and C7 nerve roots are most commonly affected. The most common symptoms are pain, parathesia, numbness and muscle weakness in dermatomal or myotomal distribution of an affected nerve root. A multitude of physical therapy interventions have been proposed to be effective in the management of cervical radiculopathy, including both mechanical and manual therapy. Aim: To study the effectiveness of nerve mobilization and PNF technique in the management of cervical radiculopathy. Objective: The objective of this study to evaluate the effectiveness of nerve mobilization And Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) technique in order to reduce pain, increase ROM and improve the functional Ability in patients with cervical radiculopathy. Methodology: A convenient technique was used to choose 30 individuals, comprising Both males and females aged 30 to 80 years, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.30 people with cervical radiculopathy were given Nerve mobilization with PNF contract-relax stretching along with TENS, for a duration of 10 days. Numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), Goniometric measurement of cervical spine, and Neck disability index (NDI) were used as outcome measures for both pre and post-treatment. Result: The statistical analysis shows that nerve mobilization with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation is effective in patients with cervical radiculopathy. Conclusion: The study concludes that nerve mobilization with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation as more effective in reducing pain and restoring the cervical ROM and functional ability in neck.
Copyright (c) 2026 S. Thunga Priya, S. Kusuma, A. K. Vijay Krishna Kumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Short-Form Video Consumption on Students’ Attention Span
The widespread use of short-form video platforms has raised concerns about their potential influence on students’ attention span and learning behaviors. This study investigates the relationship between short-form video consumption and attentional control among secondary school students using a mixed-methods approach. A total of 180 students aged 12–18 completed standardized attention assessments, media-use questionnaires, and were observed during classroom activities. Quantitative analyses revealed that high-frequency short-video consumption significantly predicted poorer sustained attention, weaker executive control, and increased off-task behavior, even after controlling for total screen time and demographic variables. Qualitative findings from teacher interviews supported these results, highlighting reduced task persistence and increased demand for stimulation among heavy users. The findings suggest that excessive exposure to short-form video content may reshape attentional habits in ways that challenge traditional educational practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ku Yun Chen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimizing Square Bellows Production: Externally Fixed Die Extrusion Process and FEA Insights
This study investigates an advanced method for manufacturing square bellows through extrusion forming, with a focus on the design and performance of an externally fixed model. The aim of this work is to optimize the extrusion process for producing high-quality square bellows that meet the stringent requirements of various industrial applications, such as robotics and aerospace. Using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations, we analyzed stress distributions and deformation patterns, identifying critical areas of stress concentration, particularly at the sharp corners of the bellows. The externally fixed design was selected over the internally fixed system due to its superior performance in terms of material flow and structural integrity. The simulation results indicate a reduction of stress concentration by 15% through the use of filleted edges and optimized die design. Mechanical and thermal cycling tests revealed that the bellows exhibited high fatigue resistance, enduring over 1,000,000 cycles without significant deformation, and showed minimal size changes under thermal expansion. Moreover, the incorporation of induction heating and precise hydraulic force control led to a 20% reduction in energy consumption and a 10% improvement in cooling efficiency. The proposed approach demonstrated superior accuracy, energy efficiency, and reliability compared to traditional stamping methods, making it a promising solution for the large-scale production of durable, high-performance square bellows.
Copyright (c) 2025 Huang Xiaohua, Bhat Waseem Shaban https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Correlations Between Dose to Small Intestine and Bladder Volume in CT-Based Planning of Pelvic Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)
This paper presents correlations between dose to small intestine and bladder volume in CT-based planning of pelvic intensity-modulated radiation therapy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Alfayez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Politics of Identity in the BARMM: An Analysis of how the Creation of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao has Reshaped or Reinforced Ethnic and Sub-Ethnic Identities and Bangsamoro Nationalism
The establishment of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) in 2019 marked a significant political milestone in the long struggle of the Bangsamoro people for self-determination. While BARMM was envisioned as a unifying political project, its implications for ethnic and sub-ethnic identities within the region remain contested. This study examines how the creation of BARMM has reshaped or reinforced ethnic and sub-ethnic identities and how political structures influence identity representation and unity. Employing a quantitative research design, survey data were collected from 100 residents of Lanao del Sur using Likert-scale questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were utilized to analyze identity perceptions, political representation, and unity across ethnic and sub-ethnic groups. Findings reveal strong ethnic pride and general agreement that communities are recognized within the broader Bangsamoro identity. However, perceptions of political representation remain mixed, with clan- and family-based politics continuing to influence leadership and decision-making. Chi-square analyses indicate significant relationships between identity perceptions, political representation, and unity, underscoring the role of governance structures in shaping social cohesion. While BARMM has contributed to increased optimism, peace-building, and intergroup cooperation, persistent sub-ethnic divisions and uneven socio-economic benefits highlight ongoing challenges. The study concludes that inclusive political representation and equitable development are crucial to strengthening Bangsamoro nationalism while respecting ethnic diversity within the autonomous region.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mosfira S. Mahdi, Sittie Mariam C. H. Yusoph, Diamond N. Tawano-Macarimbang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cellphones Put Students at Academic Learning Risk: A Systematic Investigation of Classroom Use, Cognitive Load, and Achievement
The widespread integration of cellphones into students’ daily lives has raised critical concerns regarding their impact on academic learning. Although mobile devices offer potential instructional benefits, a growing body of research suggests that unregulated in-class use may impede core cognitive processes necessary for effective learning. This systematic investigation examines how cellphone possession and uses during instructional time influence students’ attention, cognitive load, behavioral engagement, and academic performance in authentic classroom environments. Using a mixed-method design, the study involved observation data from 24 secondary-level classes, survey responses from 612 students, interviews with 18 teachers, and mid-semester standardized exam scores. Quantitative measures included the Cellphone Use Frequency Scale (CUFS), the Student Engagement Checklist (SEC), and academic performance data across English, science, and mathematics. Qualitative data was collected through semi-structured teacher interviews and detailed classroom observation notes. Analytical procedures incorporated Pearson correlations, ANOVA, regression modeling, and thematic coding. Our results indicated pervasive non-academic cellphone use, with high frequencies of messaging, social media browsing, and notification checking. Statistical analyses revealed a significant negative correlation between overall cellphone use and academic achievement (r = –0.43, p < 0.01), with in-class messaging emerging as a particularly strong predictor of lower performance. Notably, even academic-related phone use did not yield positive learning outcomes, suggesting that the cognitive costs of task-switching outweigh potential benefits. Qualitative findings highlighted students’ difficulties in self-regulation, teachers’ challenges in enforcing device policies, and increased cognitive fragmentation during lessons. These findings demonstrate that frequent cellphone use poses measurable academic learning risks by elevating cognitive load, disrupting attention, and reducing engagement. The study concludes with evidence-based recommendations for schools, teachers, and policymakers aimed at developing structured digital-use policies and classroom practices that protect learning while promoting healthier digital behaviors.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ku Yun Chen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Freshwater Crab Shell Powder Oziotelphusa Aurantia (H.) as an Organic Fertilizer to Increase Dramatic Growth in the Plant Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.)
The pursuit of sustainable agriculture has intensified the search for effective organic fertilizers from renewable resources. Crustacean shell waste, rich in chitin, minerals and nutrients, represents a promising yet underutilized resource for enhancing soil fertility and plant growth. This study investigated the efficacy of freshwater crab (Oziotelphusa aurantia) shell powder (CSP) as an organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), in comparison to vermicompost and an unamended control. A pot experiment was conducted using red soil amended with CSP at 0.5% (w/w), vermicompost and a control. Growth parameters, including germination rate, plant height, leaf number and dimensions, flowering time and pod yield were monitored over eight weeks. CSP amendment significantly enhanced plant growth and productivity. Germination commenced one day earlier in the CSP-treated soil compared to the control and vermicompost. Plants grown in CSP-amended soil demonstrated superior performance in vegetative growth, producing a greater number of leaves, larger leaf dimensions (9 cm length, 10 cm width by week 6) and a higher final plant height. While flowering initiated slightly later than in the vermicompost group, CSP-treated plants yielded a significantly greater number of pods (12 per plant), with longer pod length (12.2 cm) heavier pod weight (11 g) and a higher total yield per plant (200 g) compared to both vermicompost (120 g) and the control (82.5 g). Freshwater crab shell powder is a highly effective organic fertilizer that significantly improves the growth, yield and nutritional quality of Abelmoschus esculentus. The utilization of this aquaculture waste product offers a sustainable strategy for enhancing agricultural productivity, improving soil health and reducing environmental pollution.
Copyright (c) 2025 P. Kalaimagal, S. Muthalagi, G. Senthil Kumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Rethinking Microfinance: Why It Falls Short in Reducing Inequality in Latin America and Africa–and the Policy Reforms Needed to Fix It
Microfinancing is a policy designed to provide small loans to individuals who typically cannot access formal banking services. This paper explains the idea in a simple way, showing how microfinance tries to reduce problems like unemployment, poverty, gender inequality, and financial exclusion. It also looks at how microfinance has helped in regions like Latin America, where credit supports agriculture, and Africa, where it supports exports of textiles, coffee, and cocoa. At the same time, the paper highlights the major difficulties of microfinancing, including low financial literacy, high operational costs, and slow bureaucratic systems that reduce efficiency. The paper suggests solutions such as improving financial literacy through local workers and NGOs, reducing unnecessary layers of management, and using digital tools similar to India’s UPI system to increase transparency and accountability. However, the counterargument shows that deeper macro-level problems—like corrupt leadership and chronic capitalism—still limit the success of microfinance. The paper concludes that microfinancing is helpful but not perfect, and it needs more improvements before it can truly achieve financial equality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dattaprasad T. Arsekar, Amlan Prateek Sahu, Avaneesh Borkar, Aryan Dua, Lalita Kulkarni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hybrid Adaptive Weighted Sliding Mode Control for Sway Suppression of a Gantry Crane System
This paper presents a new adaptive weighted sliding mode scheme with input shaper for sway suppression of a gantry crane system. The presented control approach combines an adaptive algorithm to a weighted-sliding controller with an input shaping technique. Input shaping reduces the transient sway and weighted sliding mode controller has multiple sliding surfaces of nonlinear gantry crane system using a single actuator. Adaptive algorithm is applied to estimate the upper bound of uncertainties and external disturbance. The stability of the closed loop system is analyzed using Lyapunov stability theory. The performances of the new hybrid control scheme are proved in MATLAB SIMULINK. Simulation results show that the presented control scheme can be used for sway suppression and precise cart positioning in the presence of uncertainties.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hui Song Kang, Thae Yong Kim, Chol Kim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Geo-History of a Proto-State: Nusa Island as the Operational and Ideological Kota of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front in Lanao del Sur
This paper uses a geo-historical approach to explain the enduring processes of Nusa Island, Lanao del Sur as the main Kota (fortified camp) and power center of radiation of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). The island, being in the strategic location in Lake Lanao, the geographical peculiarities of the island, such as its size, stability in year-round conditions, and isolation gave the MILF a stronghold against the forces of the state across decades of the armed clash. In the study, the researcher explains how the island evolved between 1969 and 2010 as it evolved into a formal training base of the Mujahideen into the Nusa Base Command. Additionally, the article gives an exhaustive analysis of the proto-state system of governance of MILF, the application of the rigid four points program (Islamization, organizational strengthening, military build-up as well as self-reliance) and the functional effectiveness of the Al Mahakim Al-Shari’yyah (Islamic Court) which has been settling local conflict including Rido (family feuds). Although confining that the island plays a geopolitical role in the stability of the MILF and that it possesses the attributes to govern itself in an orderly manner, the results also underscore the inherent contradiction to the same in that the continued existence and the ability to extract resources of the movement play a direct role in destruction of the environment including deforestation to the sustainability of the Kota (Ariong, 2000).
Copyright (c) 2025 Nassif S. Talal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Fast Food and Fast Ordering: The Digital Ordering Kiosk
This study delves into the customer’s experiences in Cebu’s three major fast-food chains, aiming to uncover their issues and challenges in using digital ordering kiosks. This study used phenomenological research design to fully understand the viewpoints, challenges, and aspirations among the customers of the three major fast-food chains: Jollibee, McDonald’s, and KFC. The researcher employed in-depth face-to-face interviews using a validated interview guide among the 15 participants to collect narratives about their experiences using digital ordering kiosks. The data were transcribed verbatim and subjected to Colaizzi’s analysis. Findings revealed their challenges and aspirations to improve the ordering process. With this, there is a need to upgrade the internet connectivity, create simpler and more coherent machine instructions for older people and first-timers, and include our Bisaya language in translating orders. These are essential for a more effective use of digital ordering kiosks. Moreover, the kiosk machines should be more accessible, efficient, and inclusive to all valued customers.
Copyright (c) 2025 Christine Joy C. Sarsale, Rene D. Osorno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Value Chain Analysis and Marketing Efficiency of Onion Seed Production in Rukum West District of Nepal
Onion consumption in Nepal is increasing, but domestic onion seed production meets less than 20% of demand, resulting in heavy reliance on imports. Rukum West district has strong potential for onion seed production, yet small-scale farmers dominate and face low productivity and marketing constraints. This study analyzed the onion seed value chain and the marketing efficiency of producers using primary data from key value-chain actors and applying descriptive analysis. Results showed that onion seed production costs NPR 376,806 per hectare with a benefit–cost ratio of 1.57 and an average yield of 549.55 kg/ha, with land preparation being the major cost. Seed collectors captured the highest benefit–cost ratio, marketing margin, and net value addition, while agro-vets outside the district gained the least. Among the value chain actors, the benefit-cost ratio was highest (1.64) in seed collectors, and lowest (1.06) in agro-vet (out of Rukum west district). The majority of seed producers (40%) were received the market information (the price of seed), 38.33% of seed producers were informed after harvesting, and 21.67% of seed producers were informed at the trading time. The highest quantity of seed was hold by the seed collector (75.18%) and the low volume (5.54%) was hold by agro-vets (local level). The highest marketing margin 36.11 (NPR740.17/KG) was received by seed collectors among the middleman with the highest marketing cost of NPR 59.83/KG. In the value chain, highest net value added by collectors (NPR 727.84/Kg) and lowest (NPR 181.31/Kg) value added by agro-vet (out of Rukum west district). Among the 8 prevalent existing value chain, highest marketing efficiency was found in value chain-VIII (7.28). The lowest marketing efficiency was revealed in value chain-II which was 0.94 respectively. The study revealed that value chain-II was the lowest efficient chain but the percentage of seed moves through this chain was (64.98%) the highest of total seed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Khadka Ramesh, Kathayat Dhan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Real-Time YOLOv5-Based Object Detection for Autonomous Vehicles on Nigerian Roads
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) offer substantial improvements in safety and efficiency; however, global perception benchmarks are primarily based on structured traffic environments in developed countries and do not capture the informal and complex road conditions common in Nigeria and other African nations. To address this gap, the present study developed a custom dataset comprising 8,093 real-world images from Nigerian roads, annotated with 22 contextually relevant classes, including tricycles (Keke NAPEP), Okada motorcycles, street vendors, potholes, animals, and degraded traffic signs. Three lightweight You Only Look Once (YOLO) models (v5, v8, and v11) were trained and evaluated using extensive data augmentation. YOLOv5 demonstrated the highest performance, achieving an mAP@0.5 of 96.8%, a peak F1-score of 0.94, and real-time inference at 82 FPS on an NVIDIA RTX 2060, outperforming YOLOv8 and YOLOv11 while requiring the fewest parameters. Notably, strong results were observed for safety-critical classes (pedestrians: 98.3%; tricycles: 92.6%), while degraded signage and small or occluded objects remained the primary limitations. These findings indicate that high-accuracy, vision-only perception for autonomous vehicles is feasible in resource-constrained, unstructured African traffic environments using low-cost cameras and consumer-grade hardware, provided that a locally collected dataset and robust augmentation strategies are employed. This work establishes a scalable, cost-effective benchmark and provides publicly available resources to support AV development in Nigeria and comparable developing regions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Martins E. Irhebhude, Modibbo Tukur Ahmed, Ibrahim Aliyu Ibrahim, Isah Shuaibu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Technical Efficiency of Onion Seed Production of West Rukum District of Nepal a Stochastic Frontier Production Approach
In Nepal, the consumption of onion is increasing (15.4kg/head/year). There is a vast gap between demand and supply in the onion seed sub-sector. More than 80% of onion seed is being imported from foreign countries. In Nepal, West Rukum district has been known as one of the most potential districts for onion seed production based on area, production, and favorable agro-climatic condition. However, production and productivity are very low and farmers are facing weak market linkage and unstable market. This research tried to explore the technical efficiency of onion seed producers from West Rukum district of Nepal. The primary data was collected with 120 seed producer through pre-tested questioner, KII and, and group meeting. The stochastic frontier production of Cobb-Douglas production function with single-stage estimation procedure was employed to analyze the technical efficiency of seed producers. The mean technical efficiency of seed producers was 89.7% with a 1.29 return to scale of farm. The difference between actual yield and potential yield was decreased as increased the level of efficiency of seed producers. The age and training received by producers was significant to affect the technical efficiency of the producers. Likewise, the distance of cultivation plot and economic active family member’s number were significantly negative to influence the level of seed producers. The seed producers were 10.3% below their potential capacity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Khadka Ramesh, Lee Byoung-Hoon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Suitable Underground Mining Method Selection Using EEM and PROMETHEE: A Case Study of a Glauberite Mine
Underground Mining Method Selection (UMMS) is the first stage and the most important problem in mining design. Selecting the suitable mining method among many alternatives is a multi-criteria decision-making problem. To apply decision making theory for Mining Method Selection (MMS) problem, researchers have faced two difficulties in recent years: (i) calculation of relative weight for each attributes, (ii) uncertainty in judgment for decision makers. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the implementation of an integrated approach that employs expert evaluation method (EEM) and preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) together for selecting the most suitable mining method in the Glauberite Mine. Mining method selection depends on some parameters, such as geological and geotechnical properties, economic parameters and geographical factors. This problem includes seven possible mining methods and eleven attributes to evaluate them. These attributes include shape of deposit, slope of orebody, thickness of orebody, depth below the surface, grade distribution, hanging wall RMR, orebody RMR, recovery, dilution, mining cost and annual productivity. Firstly, we calculated the weights of these attributes using the expert evaluation method (EEM). A simple case study has also been presented to illustrate the competence of this method. Here, we compared the seven mining methods for a Glauberite mine and selected the optimal mining method using PROMETHEE method. Finally, the Block stoping method was selected as the most suitable method to this mine. The results have shown that the proposed integrated method can be successfully used in solving mining engineering problems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Myong Chun Pak, Song Hyok Nam, Jong Hyok Se https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Alice Munro’s Ecocritical Imagination, Spatial Theory, and the Ethics of Place
This paper examines the ecological imagination embedded in Alice Munro’s fiction through an interdisciplinary lens that brings together ecocriticism, ecofeminism, and spatial theory. Although Munro’s stories are deeply rooted in the ordinary textures of rural Canadian life, they reveal a sophisticated environmental consciousness that predates contemporary discourses of climate anxiety. Her meticulous depictions of riverbanks, orchards, forests, and peripheral townships demonstrate that landscape in her work functions not as passive backdrop but as an active agent shaping identity, memory, gender, and emotional experience. Drawing on theorists such as Henri Lefebvre, Yi-Fu Tuan, and Doreen Massey, this study argues that Munro’s spatial practice aligns with the conception of space as a lived, relational construct that is continuously produced and transformed through human and non-human interactions. Munro’s narratives frequently situate moments of self-realisation and crisis in liminal environments—the rural outskirts, wooded paths, abandoned farms—where characters confront buried memories, repressed desires, or unsettling insights. These peripheral ecologies mirror psychic transitions, revealing how environmental and emotional states are entangled. The paper further explores the ecofeminist dimensions of Munro’s work, highlighting how women and their constrained domestic lives contrast with their experiences of freedom, vulnerability, and agency in natural spaces. Munro’s fiction avoids romantic essentialism, instead presenting the woman–nature relationship as socially mediated, ambivalent, and shaped by labour, risk, and desire. A key emphasis of this study is Munro’s rendering of slow environmental changing forests, altered seasonal rhythms, and suburban encroachment which she integrates into the texture of everyday life. Such subtle environmental realism gestures towards ecological loss and precarity without overt polemic, foregrounding an ethics of attentiveness and responsibility. The paper demonstrates that Munro’s small-town settings are deeply political socio-ecological formations, shaped by class, gender, memory, and environmental histories. Ultimately, it argues that Munro’s fiction contributes significantly to contemporary ecological thought by illuminating the intertwined futures of human and natural worlds.
Copyright (c) 2025 Divyadarshini Singh, Saloni Prasad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of E-Commerce on Consumer Purchasing Patterns in Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija
This paper presents the impact of e-commerce on consumer purchasing patterns in Cabanatuan city, Nueva Ecija.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marietta J. Ablaza, Gladys Anne E. Caday, Melvierose T. Cardona, Michelle Jean A. Cucio, Jhoana Christina P. Cunanan, Mark Reggie S. Gomez, Dewi Marie L. Lacambra, Mitz Anne A. Galapon, Eugene P. Gabatin, Lone Marjan D. J. Garcia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Noble PI-PD Controller Design Based on Extended State Space Predictive Functional Control Using Improved Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm
In proportional-integral-proportional-derivative (PI-PD) controller design based on extended state space predictive functional control (ESSPFC), the proper tuning of weighting matrix of cost function has a direct influence on the controller performance. However, the analytical method to determine it has not been unknown. To solve this problem, in this paper, an improved grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) is used to improve the performance of controller by optimizing the weighting matrix of cost function. To overcome the drawbacks of standard GOA, a linear shrinking coefficient is replaced by nonlinear shrinking coefficient, a mutation operation is adopted, and position updating formula is modified. The performance of proposed method is tested and compared with other methods based on PFC. Simulation results show that the proposed design method is much superior to other methods in terms of the set-point tracking, disturbance rejection and robustness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chung Hyok Kang, Kukhuan Jang, Jinsong Ri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Airport Privatization Management: Navigating Opportunities, Challenges, and Governance
Airport privatization has emerged as a global phenomenon as nations seek to reduce public spending, enhance operational efficiency, and attract private sector investment in aviation infrastructure. This study examines the fundamentals of airport privatization, analysing various operational models and their impact on management practices, overall performance, and the protection of public interests. The analysis considers how private sector involvement shapes service delivery, operational costs, safety protocols, and strategic development. Major obstacles are identified, including regulatory frameworks, questions of equity, and the tension between commercial priorities and public service responsibilities. The study concludes with practical guidance for decision-makers and airport administrators on achieving equilibrium between business goals and national development priorities while safeguarding passenger interests (Graham, 2011, 2020; Howell et al., 2022).
Copyright (c) 2025 Albalawi Salah Faleh, Dhakir Abbas Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0