International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Topics
Call for Papers Publish in Multidisciplinary Journal Volume 7, Issue 5, May 2026 2000+ Articles | 5,000+ Authors | 30+ Countries Publication Process Submit Manuscript ISSN (Online): 2582-7839 Publication Frequency: Monthly Subject/Scope: Multidisciplinary Areas Publication Format: Online Publication Time: Within 3 Days Publication Fee: ₹1800 (India), $52 (Africa), $59 (Others) CrossRef DOI to all published articles No Additional Author and Page Charges Free e-certificates to authors International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Topics is an online open-access journal to publish research papers. The journal welcomes articles from all the academic disciplines. The journal aims to provide a platform for the authors to publish their research, with a focus on sharing the work with society in the process of the advancement of technology. The authors are advised to read the publication process and submit the paper to the journal. The journal welcomes research papers, review papers, project papers, and case studies for publication in IJRAMT.
A Study on Risk and Return Analysis of Madanapalle Co-Operative Town Bank Ltd. – A Financial Performance Study (2020–21 to 2024–25)
Purpose: This study examines the risk and return profile of Madanapalle Co-operative Town Bank Ltd. over five financial years (2020–21 to 2024–25) to evaluate its financial performance and risk management effectiveness. Design/Methodology: The study relies exclusively on secondary data drawn from the bank's annual reports, balance sheets, and profit and loss accounts. Analytical tools employed include Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Investment (ROI), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Standard Deviation, Beta, Sharpe Ratio, Treynor Ratio, Pearson Correlation, and Regression Analysis. Findings: The bank maintained a stable capital position with CAR consistently above 18%, while ROE showed continuous improvement reaching 462.69% in 2024–25. However, ROA and ROI exhibited declining trends in later years. Both the Sharpe Ratio (−24.96) and Treynor Ratio (−89.40) indicate weak risk-adjusted returns relative to the risk-free rate. Correlation and regression analyses confirm a perfect positive relationship between risk and return (r = +1.000, R² = 1.000). Practical Implications: The findings provide actionable insights for cooperative bank management in improving profitability, investment efficiency, and risk-return balance for sustainable growth. Originality: This is one of the few empirical studies focused specifically on a cooperative town bank in Andhra Pradesh using a comprehensive set of financial and statistical tools over a recent five-year period.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kalli Kusuma, N. Gangisetty https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of ESG Reporting and Corporate Sustainability Practices in the Context of Indian Economic Scenario
In an era of escalating environmental challenges, social inequalities, and governance scrutiny, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) reporting has emerged as a cornerstone of corporate sustainability practices. This paper investigates the integration of ESG frameworks into corporate strategies, analysing how standardized reporting enhances transparency, mitigates risks, and drives long-term value creation. Drawing on a mixed-methods approach—including quantitative analysis of ESG disclosures from 500 global firms (2018–2025) and qualitative case studies of leading multinationals, the study reveals that robust ESG reporting correlates with a 15–20% improvement in stakeholder trust and financial resilience, particularly amid regulatory shifts like the EU's Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and India's Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR). Key findings highlight challenges such as greenwashing, data inconsistencies, and varying global standards (e.g., GRI, SASB, TCFD), which undermine reporting efficacy. However, firms adopting integrated reporting models demonstrate superior sustainability outcomes, including reduced carbon footprints, enhanced diversity metrics, and stronger board accountability. The research underscores the role of ESG in aligning profit motives with planetary boundaries, influencing investor decisions, where ESG-compliant portfolios outperformed benchmarks by 8% annually and fostering innovation in circular economies. This study contributes to sustainability literature by proposing a maturity framework for ESG practices, offering actionable recommendations for policymakers and executives. It emphasizes mandatory assurance mechanisms and technology-driven disclosures (e.g., AI analytics) to combat inconsistencies. Ultimately, ESG reporting transcends compliance, positioning corporations as stewards of sustainable development in a resource-constrained world.
Copyright (c) 2026 Varun Yadav, Rajeev Verma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analytical Skills and Practical Knowledge of ABM Students in the Basic Concepts of Financial Management: Basis for an Intervention Plan
This study seeks to assess the analytical skills and practical knowledge of ABM students in understanding the basic concepts of financial management. There were 3 public schools and 109 senior high school students who were involved in this study from three schools. The study made use quantitative descriptive research utilizing a researcher-made survey questionnaire. Data were analyzed mean, standard deviation, analysis of variance and Pearson R correlation. Results of the study showed ABM students’ analytical skills in basic concepts in financial management is good. ABM students’ practical knowledge in basic concepts in financial management is good. There is a significant difference on the assessment of analytical skills of ABM students in in the basic concepts of financial management when grouped according to age and grade level. There a significant difference on the assessment of practical knowledge of ABM students in the basic concepts of financial management when grouped according to age, grade level and family income. The study recommends that propensity for analytical, mathematical, and communication abilities is required of ABM students. Teachers and students must collaborate achieve their goal of a higher degree of analytical skills and practical knowledge in basic concepts in financial management. The Department of Education might view the inclusion of courses on financial management in the curriculum as essential. Further studies may be conducted to validate the results of the study.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rembel M. Viernes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Special Intensive Review (SIR) – Whether a Tool for Election Intimidation of ECI
Special Intensive Review (SIR) undertaken by the Election Commission of India (ECI) during the assembly elections for 5 states (Assam, Bihar, West Bengal, Kerala and Tamil Nadu) has given rise to huge hue and cry in many of the states. In West Bengal the issue has become a field of war between the government led by the Trinamool Congress Party (TMC) and the ECI. Other political parties like Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM), Indian National Congress (INC) have also raised their voices against the survey as a tool of election intimidation. Election debacle exposed TMC to an abysmal hollowness and the leadership tried to transfer the incidence of the defeat on the shoulder of the ECI alleging biasness in the survey and also reiterating need of impeachment of the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) for his alleged inclination towards the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) which has been portrayed as a fascist and communal political party dedicated for promoting India as a “Hindu State”. The article deals with various aspect of SIR and its constitutionality, procedures of survey, impact on elections and citizenship with reference to latest assembly elections in West Bengal. Role of EC has also been discussed and impact of SIR on the political parties of West Bengal has also been highlighted. A cursory glance has been reflected on the citizenship aspect and issue of infiltration of refugees from neighbouring states also as it became the sore point of the opponent political parties who were fathoming shrinkage of their vote bank, if any, due to huge deletions on account of such a detailed survey never done earlier. Important question arose whether the ECI have the constitutional authority to undertake such survey under Art 324 of the Constitution. ECI is a stake holder for conduct and management of the election process.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tapas Kumar Ghosh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Participation: Exploring Teacher Integration of Technology and Student Perceptions of Digital Literacy in South Sudan Primary Schools
Background: In the contemporary global education landscape, digital literacy is a critical prerequisite for economic participation. However, in South Sudan, severe infrastructural deficits and limited human capacity hinder the modernization of pedagogy. This study investigates the integration of digital technologies by primary school teachers and its relationship to students' perceptions of digital literacy in a low-resource, post-conflict context. Methods: The study employed a quantitative research design, utilizing the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Digital Competence Framework as theoretical anchors. Data were collected from a stratified random sample of 30 teachers and 132 students across 35 primary schools in South Sudan. Analysis included descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-tests to examine gender differences, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Results: The findings reveal that technology integration is intermittent rather than systematic. While approximately 57% of teachers regularly or always use digital tools for interactive lessons, 55.2% rarely or never incorporate online e-learning platforms. Significant weaknesses were identified in ICT-based formative assessment, with 44.8% of teachers reporting rare usage. Notably, the study found statistically significant gender differences: male teachers reported higher competence in applying ICT-based assessment tools (p<.009) and in guiding students in practical applications such as word processing (p<.011). Subject-specific integration was highest in Geometry and Life Skills but remained inconsistent in Algebra. Conclusion: The study highlights a marked divergence between policy aspirations and classroom realities. While there is a positive disposition toward digital tools, the lack of consistent training and infrastructure limits pedagogical innovation. The authors recommend targeted, gender-sensitive professional development and sustained investment in school infrastructure to bridge the digital divide and reduce student vulnerability to misinformation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Paride O. Lolika, Lilly Odwa, Flora Lado, Otim Gama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
No One Wants to Teach: A Review of Why Teachers are Leaving the Profession
Many countries are facing a growing teacher shortage. The problem is not only that fewer people want to enter teacher education programs, but also that many current teachers are leaving the profession early. This article reviews recent literature from 2015 to 2026 to examine why teachers are leaving their careers. Using a qualitative literature-review method, the article analyzes evidence from peer-reviewed studies and major international organizations, including UNESCO, OECD, ERIC, and the Learning Policy Institute. The review finds that teacher attrition is not caused by one simple factor. Instead, teachers leave because of a combination of heavy workload, emotional exhaustion, low salary, low professional status, poor working conditions, weak leadership support, student discipline challenges, lack of autonomy, policy pressure, and limited career development. The article argues that teacher shortages should not be understood as a recruitment problem only. They are also a retention problem. If education systems want more people to become teachers and stay in teaching, they must improve the daily working conditions of teachers, not only advertise the profession more positively.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ku Yun Chen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Psychological Assessment and Vocational Perseverance in Catholic Religious Life Formation: An Integrative Review
Catholic religious life in many regions, particularly in Africa, reflects a growing paradox in which increasing numbers of candidates enter formation, yet many fail to persevere to final vows. Although psychological assessment is widely used in admission and formation processes, evidence on its effectiveness in predicting long-term vocational perseverance remains limited, especially when it is not supported by structured follow-up interventions. This study synthesized existing research on psychological assessment and vocational perseverance in Catholic religious formation, focusing on emotional maturity, psychological vulnerability, attrition patterns, and the role of ongoing formative support, while also identifying gaps in African context. An integrative review methodology guided by Whittemore and Knafl (2005) was employed, drawing on 28 peer-reviewed studies published between 2019 and 2026 sourced from PsycINFO, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, ATLA Religion Database, and Google Scholar. The studies included qualitative, quantitative, mixed-method, and review designs and were analysed thematically using Self-Determination Theory and Person–Environment Fit Theory. Findings revealed five key themes: psychological assessment as a central tool in vocational selection; emotional maturity and psychological resilience as strong predictors of perseverance; psychological vulnerabilities, particularly attachment insecurity, as key contributors to attrition; the importance of follow-up interventions such as counselling, mentoring, and psycho-spiritual accompaniment; and the interaction between person–environment fit and intrinsic motivation in shaping vocational outcomes. Psychological assessment was found to be necessary but insufficient when used in isolation without continuous formative support. The study recommends integrated formation models combining assessment with ongoing developmental interventions, standardised assessment practices, and stronger institutional policies, especially in African contexts, alongside future longitudinal research. It concludes that vocational perseverance is a multidimensional process shaped by psychological readiness, motivation, relational security, and environmental fit, and cannot be secured through assessment alone without sustained formation support.
Copyright (c) 2026 Martin Binyenya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Gender-Based and Domestic Violence as a Determinant of Mental Health in Kenya: A Quantitative Integrative Review with Implications for Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice
Gender-based violence (GBV) and domestic violence (DV) constitute pervasive public health and human rights concerns in Kenya, with substantial yet often under-recognized implications for mental health. This quantitative integrative review synthesizes empirical evidence examining GBV/DV as determinants of psychological distress and translates these findings into culturally responsive clinical practice recommendations. Guided by ecological, feminist, and trauma-informed frameworks, the review contextualizes mental health outcomes within intersecting relational, community, and structural dynamics. A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature (2010–2025) identified thirteen quantitative studies conducted across diverse Kenyan settings, including urban informal settlements, rural counties, and refugee contexts. Findings indicate consistently high prevalence of violence, with lifetime intimate partner violence affecting approximately 41–52% of women. Strong statistical associations were observed between GBV/DV exposure and adverse mental health outcomes, including elevated odds of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and increased risk of substance use and suicidality. Evidence further highlights systemic under-detection of violence within healthcare settings, contributing to fragmented care and misinterpretation of trauma-related symptoms. Structural factors, including gender inequality, economic dependence, stigma, and limited access to coordinated services, were identified as key determinants shaping both exposure to violence and mental health outcomes. The review underscores the need for integrated, trauma-informed, and culturally responsive clinical approaches in Kenya, with implications outlined across assessment, formulation, intervention, and clinician supervision.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gloria Nkirote, Muthoni Njagi, Mercy Muriithi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Electronic Devices and Students’ Cognitive Learning Risk: A Review of Attention, Memory, Comprehension, and Self-Regulation
Electronic devices have become common in modern classrooms, homes, and study environments. Laptops, tablets, smartphones, and learning platforms can support access to information and flexible learning. However, growing evidence suggests that unmanaged device use may place students’ learning at risk in cognitive ways. This article reviews recent literature from 2015 to 2026 on how electronic devices affect students’ attention, working memory, reading comprehension, academic performance, sleep, and self-regulation. Using a qualitative literature-review method, the article analyzes 20 recent and accessible academic and policy sources. The results show that electronic devices do not automatically damage learning, but they become risky when they create distraction, media multitasking, shallow reading, fragmented attention, sleep loss, and overdependence on quick digital feedback. The discussion argues that schools should not simply ban technology or accept it without limits. Instead, teachers and policymakers should use evidence-based digital rules, protect deep-learning time, teach digital self-regulation, and match devices to clear learning purposes.
Schizophrenia, Culture, and Help-Seeking in Kenya: Toward Culturally Responsive Assessment and Care
Schizophrenia in Kenya should be understood as both a clinical condition and a culturally embedded experience. Globally, the World Health Organization estimates that schizophrenia affects approximately 23 million people, or about 1 in 345 people, equivalent to 0.29% of the population; among adults, the estimate is about 1 in 233 people, or 0.43% (World Health Organization (WHO), 2025). Applied cautiously to Kenya’s estimated population of 50–60 million people, this suggests that approximately 145,000–174,000 Kenyans may be affected by schizophrenia. This figure should be distinguished from broader psychosis estimates: Kenya’s Ministry of Health reports the probable prevalence of psychosis at about 1% of the population, which would translate to approximately 500,000–600,000 people (Ministry of Health Kenya, 2024). These estimates highlight the importance of addressing schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders not only through biomedical diagnosis and treatment, but also through culturally responsive care that considers local beliefs, stigma, family caregiving systems, pluralistic help-seeking, and barriers to accessing mental health services. In Kenya, traditional health practitioners have been identified as important actors in mental health care pathways, particularly because many individuals and families seek support outside formal psychiatric services before or alongside biomedical treatment (Okonji et al., 2008). More broadly, research on psychotic disorders in Africa emphasizes the need to explore synergy between biomedical, traditional, and faith-based systems of care while protecting patient safety, dignity, and access to evidence-based treatment (van der Zeijst et al., 2023).
Copyright (c) 2026 Sheila Gavuha Mygwe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Between Silence and Survival: Trauma, Pregnancy, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Among Adolescent Survivors of Sexual Violence in Kiambu County, Kenya
Sexual violence–related pregnancy among adolescent girls in peri-urban Kenya produces layered biological, psychological, and structural vulnerabilities that standard PTSD frameworks only partially address. In Kiambu County, where poverty, gender inequality, and fragmented service systems converge, existing clinical approaches remain largely decontextualized, attending inadequately to structural determinants and the cultural landscapes through which trauma is experienced and expressed. This practice-based integrative review draws on clinical psychology, global mental health, and medical anthropology to develop a Structural-Intersectional Formulation (SIF) model for understanding and treating PTSD among low-income pregnant adolescent survivors of sexual violence in Kiambu County. Grounded in intersectionality theory, the social defeat hypothesis, and postcolonial critiques of psychiatric universalism, the SIF model re-orders traditional biopsychosocial formulations by placing structural conditions and cultural meaning-making at the centre of clinical reasoning, with individual cognitive and biological processes nested within them rather than treated as primary. This model is translated into concrete, actionable recommendations: idiom-sensitive and developmentally attuned assessment tools; structurally informed case formulation and care planning; culturally adapted Trauma-Focused CBT and Narrative Exposure Therapy within perinatal contexts; trauma-informed supervision frameworks; and integrated GBV and mental health service pathways embedded within antenatal care systems. Implications for practitioner training and policy reform are also addressed. The SIF framework aims to support more accurate identification of PTSD presentations and more ethically grounded, contextually responsive care for pregnant adolescent survivors in Kiambu and comparable low-resource settings, contributing to a broader shift away from individualised models of trauma toward approaches that genuinely reckon with structural violence, cultural context, and developmental vulnerability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pauline L. N. Ng’ang’a, Agnes W. Mwangi, Chimango L. Chirwa, Martin Binyenya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) Beneficiaries Management and Forecasting System
The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is a program in the Philippines that helps poor families by giving them money support. However, managing and monitoring the large number of 4Ps beneficiaries is difficult and often relies on manual processes. This study aims to improve how 4Ps data is handled by developing a system that can manage and predict beneficiary needs effectively. The main goal of the study is to create a system that makes it easier to manage 4Ps information and to forecast future needs using technology. The research used a development design, and data was gathered through interviews, surveys, and review of existing reports from the DSWD (Department of Social Welfare and Development). The system was tested by selected users and experts to check its usability and accuracy. The system includes features like Profile Management Disbursement Monitoring, Conditional Monitoring, Data Reporting, and Predictive Analytics. Findings show that the system helps improve data accuracy, reporting, and decision-making. It also provides insights into who may graduate from the program or need more support. The study recommends the use of this system to help local government units and DSWD offices improve their services and planning. Future researchers may explore adding more features like mobile access and integration with national databases.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jasmin D. De Guia, Francis F. Balahadia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children in Africa
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a significant mental health condition among children exposed to traumatic experiences such as violence, abuse, armed conflict, disasters, and displacement. Despite increasing recognition of childhood trauma as a major public health concern, the burden of PTSD among children remains underreported in many low and middle income countries, particularly within African settings where exposure to adverse experiences is often high. This review aimed to determine the prevalence of PTSD among children and to examine factors associated with variations in prevalence across different populations and settings. A literature review was conducted using studies involving children aged below 18 years. The findings demonstrated that PTSD in children is a multifaceted condition influenced by an interplay of trauma-related, individual, familial, and environmental factors. While global prevalence rates remain relatively moderate, significantly higher rates are observed in trauma-exposed and high-risk populations, particularly in African and conflict-affected settings. Key associated factors include trauma severity, female gender, older age, prior trauma exposure, parental psychopathology, and low social support. Understanding these factors is essential for developing targeted prevention and intervention strategies aimed at reducing the burden of PTSD among children and adolescents. Further research is needed to strengthen epidemiological evidence and guide context-specific interventions in African and other low-resource settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rose Adhiambo Opiyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Complement-Mediated Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia as the Initial Presentation of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare hematological disorder that may occur as a primary condition or secondary to underlying diseases including malignancies. Although AIHA is commonly associated with lymphoproliferative disorders, association with solid tumors such as renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains uncommon. We report a 67-year-old gentleman who presented with symptomatic anemia and laboratory evidence of complement-mediated hemolysis. Direct antiglobulin testing demonstrated anti-IgG positivity and strong C3d positivity suggestive of complement-mediated AIHA. Clinical examination revealed a ballotable left-sided abdominal mass. Imaging demonstrated a left renal mass with central necrosis and para-aortic lymphadenopathy highly suggestive of RCC. The patient demonstrated favorable hematological response following corticosteroid therapy and transfusion support. This case highlights the importance of evaluating for underlying malignancy in patients presenting with unexplained hemolysis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Komalah Chenasammy, Sharmila Binti Mohd Nadzir, Shahada Sobah Abdul Hamid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploring the Experiences of Neonatal Nurses in Providing End-of-Life Care to Newborns and their Families
Background: Caring for critically ill newborns at the end of life is among the most emotionally and ethically demanding roles in nursing. Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses must simultaneously manage the physical needs of fragile infants and the grief of families who are often wholly unprepared for what lies ahead. Purpose: This study set out to understand how neonatal nurses at Doctor Soliman Fakeeh Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, experience end-of-life care in practice and what weighs on them emotionally, the moral conflicts they encounter, how Islamic and family-centered values shape their work, and what helps them carry on. Method: Ten neonatal nurses participated in semi-structured interviews employing a phenomenological approach. Reflexive thematic analysis identified patterns related to emotional strain, moral tensions, the influence of religious beliefs, and the sources of meaningful support for the nurses. Results: Four main themes emerged: First, nurses faced significant emotional burdens due to prolonged exposure to infant death, leading to grief or emotional numbness. Second, ethical issues created moral conflict, with some nurses feeling anguish over a baby's suffering while feeling compelled to act. Third, cultural and Islamic values, along with family expectations, influenced care delivery, with prayer and Quranic recitation providing comfort but sometimes conflicting with clinical decisions. Fourth, coping mechanisms and support systems were essential for nurses. Conclusion: Neonatal nurses in Saudi Arabia encounter considerable emotional, ethical, and cultural challenges. While personal resilience and support from colleagues help, a deficiency in structured training and institutional backing is notable. To enhance care for nurses and families, improvements in ethics education, support programs, and culturally appropriate communication tools are necessary.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hanadi Souleman Alhejeli, Minerva Raguini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Management Support, Organizational Challenges, and Procurement Efficiency in Occidental Mindoro State College
This study was conducted using descriptive correlational design. Respondents were composed of hundred buyers/procurers from six campuses of Occidental Mindoro State College (OMSC). Results show that management support of OMSC was ranked high particularly towards leader's support, policy enforcement, training, resource distribution and monitoring. As for organizational challenges, multi-tasking, personnel and time were considered challenges. Technical skills and accountability were considered moderate, and all aspects of procurement efficiency were ranked high. Ethical compliance and fairness were ranked highest as for procurement efficiency. Correlation shows that management support was significantly related to procurement efficiency. While organizational challenges were not. Regression shows that policy enforcement and resource distribution were found to be significantly predicting procurement efficiency. As such, this study concludes that good management will lead to effective procurement and resilient purchasing departments while lack of challenges will not negatively affect procurement efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jofelyn Joy M. Zafra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Budgetary Challenges, Financial Innovations, and Budget Management Efficiency of Occidental Mindoro State College
This study employed a descriptive correlational research design to examine the relationship among budgetary challenges, financial innovations, and budget management efficiency at Occidental Mindoro State College (OMSC). The descriptive component assessed stakeholders’ perceptions of these variables, while the correlational component analyzed their interrelationships. Five key stakeholder groups, which include the budget staff, campus administrators, faculty, finance personnel, and students were purposively selected and proportionally represented through stratified sampling. Findings indicate that OMSC experience moderate budgetary challenges, mainly due to delayed government fund release, complex financial regulations, and limited planning capacity. Despite these constraints, the institution demonstrates high adoption of financial innovations, such as digital budgeting systems, performance-based budgeting, stakeholder engagement, and revenue diversification. Consequently, budget management efficiency is high, particularly in transparency, accountability, monitoring, and control. Correlation and regression analyses reveal that internal factors, especially financial planning capacity and stakeholder involvement, significantly enhance efficiency, whereas funding-related challenges have minimal effect. The study highlights that financial innovations and strong internal planning are key drivers of effective budget management at OMSC.
Copyright (c) 2026 Myra Gatmaitan Somintac https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Comparative Study to Assess the Progress of Labour by Plotting of Partograph Among Parturient Women Provided with Lithotomy and Upright Position During 1st and 2nd Stage of Labour in Selected Hospital, Durg, Chhattisgarh
This paper presents a comparative study to assess the progress of labour by plotting of partograph among parturient women provided with lithotomy and upright position during 1st and 2nd stage of labour in selected hospital, Durg, Chhattisgarh.
Copyright (c) 2026 Surbhi Sonwani, Seema Santosh, Sushila Singh Bias https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Revisiting Inter-Sectoral Diversification Theory
Malaysia wants to be a fully developed nation, and the government has made every effort to make that happen. Since 1997, the Malaysian stock market has seen a sharp increase in investment from foreign, institutional, and individual investors. However, the 2007 phenomenon and certain recent events have led the stock market to fluctuate greatly, making it difficult for analysts to make accurate predictions. we need a better understanding of the transmission mechanism of stock price formation so then investor can predict well the stock. Most of the investors, they believe that stock price index is one of the most important indicators that may use to predict whether it is a good timing to invest or not to invest. The reason why we need to study about stock market, it is because if we cannot predict stock market. For the investor, it may difficult for them. They do not know which stock they should buy. Since stock market in some event occur difficult from them to choose the right shares to buy. Example like, after the great depression Asian Crisis 1997, Malaysia stock price index drop significantly. At that time, no one can predict anything. Since the market are unpredictable.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Ikma Binti Haris, Clarence Anthony Puspanathan, Aruna Raj Devarajoo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Pre-Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Mother and Neonate Skin to Skin Contact on Early Initiation of Breastfeeding Among Postnatal Mother: One Group Pre-Test Post-Test Design
According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) conducted in 2019-2021, about 41.6% of newborns in India were breastfeed with in the first hour of birth. Objectives: To assess the pretest score regarding mother and infant skin to skin contact on early initiation of breastfeeding at selected hospital of Bilaspur Chhattisgarh. To administer mother & neonates skin to skin contact on early initiation of breast feeding. To assess the effectiveness of mother and neonates skin to skin contact on early initiation of breastfeeding. To find out the association between pretest score with their socio demographic variables regarding neonates skin to skin contact on early initiation of breastfeeding. Hypothesis: H1: There will be significant difference in pre-test and post test score regarding effect of mother and infant skin to skin contact on early initiation of breastfeeding. H2: There will be significant association between pre test score of mother and infant skin to skin contact and early initiation of breastfeeding with selected socio-demographic variables. Result: The sample size was 100 were selected. Data collection was analyzed by an ‘z’ test. Effectiveness of mother & infant skin to skin contact on early initiation of breastfeeding among postnatal mother. compares mean effectiveness scores regarding mother and infant skin to skin contact on early initiation of breastfeeding. Mean difference was 4.67, mean percentage was 14.3 in pretest and 23.64 in post test, SD was 1.57 in pre test and 1.69 in post test, The Parametric paired Z test value was found to be 4.27 which was greater than 2. The calculated ‘r’ value is 0.8 which is also a very strong positive correlation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kalpana Vishwakarma, Deepika Kumar, Reshma Ekka, Akansha Moses https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Experimental Study to Investigate the Effectiveness of Back Massage on Reduction of Perception of Labour Pain During First Stage of Labour Among Expectant Mothers Admitted in Labour Room at District Hospital, Durg, Chhattisgarh
Labour pain is a universal phenomenon and is perceived as one of the most severe forms of pain experienced by women. Non-pharmacological methods such as back massage can play a vital role in reducing pain perception during labor. Hence, the present study was undertaken A quasi experimental study to investigate the effectiveness of back massage on reduction of perception of labour pain during first stage of labour among expectant mothers admitted in labour room at selected hospital Durg, Chhattisgarh.
Copyright (c) 2026 Teresa Sahu, Shushila Singh, Seema Santosh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessing the Challenges and Socioeconomic Impact of Awarded Certificate of Stewardship Contracts (CSCs) in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro
The research evaluated the problems and socioeconomic effects of awarded certificate of stewardship contracts out of forty (40) beneficiaries in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro. Using a descriptive-correlational research design, quantitative data were collected through a survey from the respondents through random sampling. Data were analyzed using weighted mean, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results showed that most CSC beneficiaries are older adults, predominantly male, with legal tenure, managing small to medium plots and cultivating diverse crops, suggesting that experience and secure land rights support effective management. They face moderate implementation challenges, particularly limited access to credit, yet experience moderate socio-economic benefits, especially in land improvement. Land tenure significantly influences challenges, while other demographic and farm factors do not. Implementation challenges do not significantly affect outcomes, and although age, sex, and lot size do not affect socio-economic impact, the type of crops cultivated does influence the level of benefits. In conclusion, the findings indicate that CSCs contribute positively to sustainable land management and community development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Niño Aloysius B. Colegado https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of School Feeding Program on Pupils’ Attendance and Performance in Basic Science and Technology in Primary Schools in Katsina Metropolis
This study examined the impact of the School Feeding Program on pupils’ attendance and academic performance in Basic Science and Technology in public primary schools in Katsina Metropolis, Katsina State, Nigeria. The study adopted a quasi-experimental research design, specifically a non-equivalent control group design. The population comprised all Primary 5 and 6 pupils in public primary schools in Katsina Metropolis. A sample of 360 pupils was selected using multistage sampling techniques, consisting of 180 pupils from School Feeding Program beneficiary schools and 180 pupils from non-beneficiary schools. Two instruments were used for data collection: Attendance Record Checklist (ARC) and Basic Science and Technology Achievement Test (BSTAT). The instruments were validated by experts, and a reliability coefficient of 0.81 was obtained using Cronbach’s Alpha method. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and percentage) and inferential statistics (independent samples t-test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation) at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that pupils in beneficiary schools recorded significantly higher attendance rates and performed better in Basic Science and Technology than pupils in non-beneficiary schools. A significant positive relationship was also found between participation in the School Feeding Program and academic performance. However, challenges such as irregular food supply, weak monitoring, poor food quality, and inadequate kitchen facilities were identified. The study concluded that the School Feeding Program significantly enhances attendance and academic performance, and recommended program expansion, improved monitoring, and better infrastructural support for sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abubakar Aliyu Saulawa, Mustapha Muhammad, Usman Mohammed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating Faith and Culture in Teaching for Holistic Learner Development
Contemporary education often emphasizes technical proficiency and measurable outcomes, sometimes neglecting moral, cultural, and spiritual development. This article contends that such fragmentation compromises the coherence needed for meaningful learning and holistic human flourishing. Drawing on theological anthropology, meaning-centered psychology, and cultural understanding, it presents a framework for integrative education that connects intellectual growth with identity formation and moral concerns. A key premise is that learners enter educational settings already shaped by cultural and spiritual frameworks, which profoundly influence their cognition, motivation, and engagement. The paper outlines a conceptual and theoretical basis for integration and proposes a curriculum framework encompassing conceptual, personal, and institutional dimensions. It concludes that integrative education is essential, not optional, for fostering authentic learning and human development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ruth Mumo Omungo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Study to Compare Team-Based Learning Versus Self Learning on Learning Outcome Among Nursing Students in Selected College of Nursing, Bishrampur, Chhattisgarh
Background: Team-Based Learning is an innovative, student-centred, active learning strategy designed to enhance knowledge, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills through teamwork. In Team Based Learning, learners are divided into small, diverse teams that remain consistent throughout the course. The learning process typically involves three main phases: pre-class preparation, readiness assurance testing, and application of concepts to problem-solving tasks. Through this structured approach, students engage more deeply with the content, apply theoretical knowledge to real-life scenarios, and develop communication and decision-making skills. Aim: To compare the outcome of Team Based Learning and Self Learning among nursing students. Setting and Design: the study was conducted at V.M. college of Nursing, Bishrampur (C.G.), A quasi-experimental research design was adopted. Material and Methods: 60 Nursing students were selected using random sampling technique and assigned into Team based Learning (n=30) and Self Learning (n=30). A self-structured tool to assess socio demographic variables and self-structured check list to assess the learning outcome (knowledge, comprehension, application and synthesis). Data are analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: the findings revealed a statistically significant difference in learning outcome between the Team Based Learning and Self Learning is accepted as tcal 2.24 is more than ttab 2.05 at p<0.05 level of significance. Total mean ± sd. percentage analysis shows that Team Based Learning in good category 86.66% and poor category 13.33% & Self Learning in good category 70% and poor category 30%. ‘t’-test to find out the Learning outcome of Team Based Learning & Self Learning on mean ± SD were 15.6 ± 2.25 and 13.56 ± 3.6 respectively. The result was analyzed using t-test and a significant and a significant improvement in learning outcome is statistically proved as 't' value calculated that is 2.24 is more than table value (2.05) at P>0.05 level of Significance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pushpendra, Roja Princy, Abhilekha Biswal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Civil Society: An Identity for Elevated Democracy and Fair Adult Suffrage
Democracy is a form of government where peoples’ active participation is essential. Due to vastness of population direct democracy has ceased to exist though this is possible at the grass root level while working through various local self-governments. But hegemony of the rulers prevents participation of common people in the process even at the grass-root level. Absence of plurality invites despotism in governance of the administration and democracy is eclipsed due to executive exuberance of the executives and parliamentary dictatorship. Civil Society from age of Aristotle (384–322 BCE) played an important role in elevation of democracy and restoring liberty of people against the despotic rulers. Role of such Civil Society has become a sine qua non in the present day for free and fair adult suffrage in a democratic situation. Election violence, economic repression as well as social aggression by the rulers have vitiated the process of democratic administration and muting voice of even the civil society through bounties and favours.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tapasa Kumar Ghosh, Anil Kumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Stigma, Economic Strain, and Mental Health among Single Mothers in Urban Kenya: A Practice-Based Integrative Review
Single motherhood is increasingly prevalent in urban Kenya, yet mental health services remain insufficiently responsive to the intersecting challenges of stigma, economic strain, and culturally embedded family norms. This practice-based integrative review synthesizes empirical and policy-oriented literature to examine how structural inequalities and socio-cultural expectations shape the psychological well-being of single mothers, particularly in urban settings such as Nairobi. Drawing on acculturation theory and attachment theory within a non-essentialist, structurally informed framework, the review highlights identity strain, economic vulnerability, and social exclusion as key determinants of distress. The paper identifies a critical clinical gap in culturally responsive assessment, diagnosis, and intervention. Actionable recommendations are proposed across clinical practice and supervision, emphasizing non-pathologizing, context-sensitive approaches. An equity impact analysis considers both the benefits and potential unintended harms of these interventions. This manuscript contributes to the advancement of culturally grounded mental health care in Kenya and similar low- and middle-income contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Prisca Okemba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Tourism Development in Dibang Valley, Anini: Future Prospects and Challenges
Dibang valley a pristine natural serenity surrounded by snowcapped mountains, meandering gorge rivers, diverse flora and fauna and also known as the ‘Valley of Waterfalls’ was awarded with the Best Offbeat Mountain Destination at the Outlook Traveller Awards 2024, the 17th Annual Convention of the Adventure Tour Operators Association of India (ATOI) in 2025. This paper examines the multifaceted opportunities and obstacles concerning the advancement of tourism in the Dibang Valley, Anini, a region characterized by its rich biodiversity and distinct tribal heritage. The analysis encompasses current infrastructural developments and government initiatives aimed at fostering sustainable and community-centric tourism models within Arunachal Pradesh, thereby offering insights applicable to the Dibang Valley. Specifically, this study will critically evaluate the potential for ecotourism and cultural tourism, while simultaneously addressing the environmental impact, logistical constraints, and socio-economic considerations inherent in developing such a remote yet pristine destination. Further, it will explore how active local community participation and robust policy frameworks can mitigate negative perceptions and foster inclusive growth in emerging tourism destinations. The inherent challenges in establishing robust tourism infrastructure in geographically isolated areas like Dibang Valley necessitate strategic planning to overcome accessibility issues and ensure the provision of essential services for visitors.
Copyright (c) 2026 Athuko Tayu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
System Efficiency, Challenges, and User Satisfaction of the Environmental Management Bureau-MIMAROPA Online Permits Application in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro
Utilizing descriptive research, this study assessed the system efficiency, challenges, and user satisfaction of the Online Permits Application System of the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) MIMAROPA under the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro. The randomly chosen 180 business owners, pollution control officers, environmental consultants, private citizens, and local government personnel who applied for permits online and had used the system served as the respondents. Data was collected using a structured survey questionnaire. The respondents confirmed the very high efficiency (mean=4.56) and very high user satisfaction (mean=4.58) of the online application system. They likewise reported the slightly serious challenges (mean=1.67) encountered in its use. Correlation analysis revealed the negative relationship between system efficiency and challenges (r=-0.443), and between challenges and user satisfaction (r=-0.282) which emphasized that the optimization of system performance would help reduce barriers and enhance user contentment. In contrast, the positive correlation (r = 0.442) between satisfaction and efficiency indicates that efficient processes, accessibility, and timely service delivery are associated with user appreciation of the online permit application system. Although rated highly efficient, it is necessary to provide continuous system maintenance, performance monitoring, and user feedback mechanisms. To sustain long-term efficiency, reliability, and successful delivery of e-government services, training and seminars are needed for the system administrators. Strengthening support services, digital assistance, system guidance, enhanced user-centered system features, regular updating of security measures, and an integrated system improvement framework are likewise recommended.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
In Silico Characterization of Multi-Layered Regulatory Mechanisms Governing HIF1A Gene Expression
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) is a key regulator of cellular responses to hypoxia and is controlled through complex regulatory mechanisms. This study presents a comprehensive in silico analysis of the regulatory architecture of HIF1A, integrating epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and functional interaction layers. CpG island analysis revealed a CpG-rich region suggestive of epigenetic control, while promoter prediction identified multiple transcription start sites, indicating transcriptional flexibility. Numerous polyadenylation sites and predicted miRNAs highlighted extensive post-transcriptional regulation. Gene expression analysis demonstrated moderate variability in HIF1A expression, supporting tightly regulated expression dynamics. Protein–protein interaction analysis further established HIF1A as a central hub interacting with key regulators of hypoxia signaling. Overall, the findings provide a holistic view of the multi-level regulatory mechanisms governing HIF1A expression and its role in cellular adaptation to hypoxic conditions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Parampreet Kaur, Rajinder Kaur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0