International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Topics
Call for Papers Publish in Multidisciplinary Journal Volume 7, Issue 2, February 2026 2000+ Articles | 5,000+ Authors | 30+ Countries Publication Process Submit Manuscript ISSN (Online): 2582-7839 Publication Frequency: Monthly Subject/Scope: Multidisciplinary Areas Publication Format: Online Publication Time: Within 3 Days Publication Fee: $52 (Africa), $59 (Others), ₹2000 (India) CrossRef DOI to all published articles No Additional Author and Page Charges Free e-certificates to authors International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Topics is an online open-access journal to publish research papers. The journal welcomes articles from all the academic disciplines. The journal aims to provide a platform for the authors to publish their research, with a focus on sharing the work with society in the process of the advancement of technology. The authors are advised to read the publication process and submit the paper to the journal. The journal welcomes research papers, review papers, project papers, and case studies for publication in IJRAMT.
Impact of Migration on Families Left Behind: Psychological and Educational Perspectives
Migration, a critical socio-economic force, reshapes family structures globally. This study examines the educational and psychological impacts of migration on left-behind family members, particularly children and spouses. Through thematic insights and a bibliometric analysis using VOS viewer, the research reveals how migration influences academic performance, emotional well-being, identity, and support mechanisms. The paper synthesizes global case studies and bibliometric trends to offer a nuanced perspective on the interplay between migration and familial outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Chander Mohan, Poras Yadav, Satyajit Mallick https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Digital Mobile Loan Usage on Academic Performance of University Students in Nairobi County, Kenya
The rapid growth of digital financial technologies has increased access to mobile-based credit among university students in Kenya, raising concerns about its potential implications for academic outcomes. Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior, this study examined the effect of digital mobile loan usage on the academic performance of university students in Nairobi County, Kenya. Specifically, the study assessed the effect of accessibility of digital mobile loans, cost of borrowing, and digital loan dependency on students’ academic performance which was measured using GPA, attendance, or assignment completion. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, targeting undergraduate students from 27 public and private universities in Nairobi County. Using stratified random sampling, a sample of 399 students was selected, out of which 327 valid responses were obtained, representing an 82% response rate. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis with the aid of SPSS. The findings revealed that accessibility of digital mobile loans had a significant negative effect on academic performance (β = −0.262, p < 0.05), indicating that ease of access encouraged frequent borrowing that reduced academic focus. Overall, the variable jointly explained 58.1% of the variation in academic performance. The study concludes that while digital mobile loans enhance financial access, excessive accessibility, high borrowing costs, and loan dependency negatively affect students’ academic performance. The study recommends strengthening financial literacy programs in universities, enhancing regulation of digital mobile lending, and promoting responsi
Copyright (c) 2026 Mary Andika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Humanitarian Assistance and Peacebuilding in Protracted Conflict: The Role of the United Arab Emirates in Yemen
Contemporary armed conflicts are increasingly protracted, fragmented, and shaped by regional rivalries, limiting the effectiveness of conventional, troop-centered peacekeeping alone. In this context, humanitarian assistance has emerged as a crucial tool for protecting civilians and fostering a degree of stability. This study examines the UAE’s humanitarian role in Yemen from 2015 onwards, exploring how its relief and reconstruction initiatives function as instruments of peace support. Employing a combined framework of human security, middle-power diplomacy, and humanitarian diplomacy, the analysis draws on UAE government reports, UN OCHA data, and recent academic literature. Particular focus is given to the UAE’s USD 465 million unrestricted contribution to the Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan (YHRP) in 2018 and an additional USD 230 million pledge in 2021. Evidence suggests that these interventions have supported essential services, enhanced access to food and healthcare, and strengthened local resilience. While humanitarian assistance cannot replace a comprehensive political settlement, it can help create conditions conducive to peace by safeguarding civilians, maintaining critical institutions, and preventing further deterioration. Yemen illustrates how Gulf middle powers, in collaboration with the UN, can leverage humanitarian engagement as a core component of contemporary peace and security strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Robin Kabha, Malaak Abdulla Mousa Alraeesi, Maryam Khameis Ali Alkaabi, Hoda Sultan Sulaiman Alyammahi, Mariam Mohamad Sheer Mohamad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Karitan Sa Lukos: Meranaw Traditional Care for the Aged
This study was conducted to determine the practices and problems in traditional care concerning old-age Meranaw in Maharlika Village, Taguig City, Metro Manila. Despite being acculturated, the Meranaws in the area are still adherent to, in many ways, to Meranaw traditions. Hence it is common to find the whole clan living in the same area getting strength from living in close proximity. In this way, the younger and more able adults of the family are able to take better care of their elders by taking them into their homes. On the whole, it was found that the Meranaws do their best to support their aging parents whatever it takes. However, because of these adults occupied in their business and work, based on the gathered data, the result of the study also showed that the elderly were in need of more financial support, more attention and assistance with health concerns such as medical and dental issues, proper living arrangements /accommodation, and more assistance and support in terms of physical and mental fitness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shaha Dianalan Mustapha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Extent of Implementation, Challenges of Inventory System, and Organizational Effectiveness of the Provincial Government Office of Occidental Mindoro
The objective of this study is to evaluate the extent of implementation and challenges of inventory system and the organizational effectiveness of PGO in Occidental Mindoro. The study employed the descriptive-correlational design to determine the relationship of the extent of inventory system implementation and challenges encountered to the organizational effectiveness of the PGO in Occidental Mindoro. A total of 85% of the total number of employees were randomly selected to participate in the study. The findings indicate that inventory system’s implementation’s effectively supports PGO operations by streamlining processes, aiding core functions, and performing tasks efficiently, the system reliably reduces errors, generates accurate information, and supports decision-making-the highest-rated aspect is its ability to minimize recording and processing errors. Data can be easily shared across departments, workflows are improved, and inter-agency coordination is supported. On the other hand, there is a high extent of organizational challenges, especially in coordination, policy implementation, and support for system improvements. The Provincial Government Office of Occidental Mindoro demonstrates strong service delivery in quality, accessibility, responsiveness, and timeliness. While system functionality contributes meaningfully to service delivery, transparency, and organizational effectiveness, addressing organizational issues can meaningfully improve performance and transparency. System-related factors are key determinants of overall organizational performance, and when various challenges exist, technical issues have the strongest influence on overall performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Karine May C. Palomino https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Using Orange Data Mining and Predictive Analytics for Analytical Workflows in Academic Research
This section examines methodological transparency and interpretability in computational social science through the use of Orange Data Mining. As analytical workflows are often distributed across multiple software environments, key preprocessing and modelling decisions can become difficult to trace, limiting reproducibility and interpretability. The section argues that transparent analytical design is essential, particularly in fields where explanation is as important as prediction. Orange is presented as a visual, open source platform that makes each stage of analysis explicit. By constructing workflows through connected modules, the platform allows researchers to inspect data transformations, parameter settings and evaluation procedures within a single environment. The argument is demonstrated using the Zoo dataset included in Orange. Through a structured sequence of exploratory analysis, dimensionality reduction, interpretable classification and cross validated evaluation, the section illustrates a complete analytical cycle. The example shows how visual workflow design can support methodological clarity and accountable research practice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Raabia Riaz, Muhammad Areeb Chatni, Tanzeel ur Rehman, Mehsam Bin Tahir, Sherbaz Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in a Young Stroke: A Case Report
Stroke in young adults is relatively uncommon, and the underlying etiology often differs from that observed in older populations. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasingly recognized as an independent and underdiagnosed risk factor for cerebrovascular disease. We report the case of a 27-year-old previously healthy male who presented with acute right-sided weakness and slurred speech. Neuroimaging revealed an acute left basal ganglia infarct consistent with a lacunar stroke, and computed tomography angiography demonstrated no evidence of large-vessel occlusion. The patient received intravenous alteplase within two hours of symptom onset according to institutional stroke protocol. During hospitalization, he was observed to have loud snoring, excessive daytime somnolence, nasal speech, and grade 3 tonsillar hypertrophy, raising suspicion of obstructive sleep apnea as a contributing factor. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit levels suggestive of secondary polycythemia. The patient was treated with physiotherapy and secondary stroke prevention therapy and was referred for further evaluation of suspected sleep-disordered breathing. This case highlights the importance of considering obstructive sleep apnea as a potential contributor to ischemic stroke in young individuals without traditional vascular risk factors.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mastura Zainol Abidin, Mohd Sufian Adenan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Status, Responsiveness, and Community Satisfaction with the Health Services in the Island Barangays of San Jose, Occidental Mindoro
This descriptive-correlational study assessed the health services status in the island barangays of San Jose, Occidental Mindoro. It focused on resource availability, accessibility, service coverage, and infrastructure quality. It also investigated the area of responsiveness of health workers in terms of technical health competence, resilience and adaptability, communication skills, and empathy. Furthermore, it measured community satisfaction with healthcare delivery in terms of timeliness, quality of care, facilities, and effectiveness of services. The study aimed to disclose how health service status and healthcare workers' responsiveness influence community satisfaction. A total of 370 residents, selected through stratified random sampling, were the study’s respondents. Data was collected using a researcher-made survey instrument and face-to-face interviews. Descriptive statistics summarized the services, responsiveness, and satisfaction, while correlation analyses identified the relationships among the variables. Findings revealed that the resource availability and accessibility are at a moderate level, with notable limitations in infrastructure and service coverage. Health workers were mostly responsive, particularly in communication and empathy, though there are deficiencies in technical training and adaptability. Community satisfaction ranged from moderate to high, with stronger ratings in quality of care and timeliness, and lowest ratings in facility adequacy and effectiveness of services. There is a significant relationship between the status of health services and the level of satisfaction in the community, as well as between the health workers' responsiveness and satisfaction, revealing that the quality of the service in the community is influenced by both structural and human factors. The study highlights the need for community health infrastructure enhancements, better resource allocation, and continuous capacity building for healthcare workers to foster more responsive services and increase community satisfaction. Strengthening these key areas is important for sustainable and equitable healthcare delivery in the island barangays of San Jose, Occidental Mindoro.
Copyright (c) 2026 Marc Jason Lasigas Gacula https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Preschool Children’s Attitudes Towards Emergent Writing Through Implementation of Writer’s Workshop and Interactive Writing in Katsina State, Nigeria
This study investigates how Writer's Workshop and Interactive Writing can improve pre-schoolers’ perceptions of emergent writing in Katsina State. The study included two pre-schoolers who took part in a series of organised writing sessions because it recognized the importance of positive attitudes in early literacy development. To find out how the kids felt about writing at first, directed interviews were conducted before the intervention. After both teaching strategies which placed a strong emphasis on teamwork, creativity, and peer support were put into practice, follow-up interviews were carried out to see if their opinions had changed. Preschool teacher’s thematic analysis of interview transcripts was used in the data analysis, which showed notable changes in the children's opinions on writing. After the session, children reported feeling more confident, enjoying, and wanting to participate in writing assignments. The results highlight how well Writer's Workshop and Interactive Writing may create a nurturing atmosphere that improves pre-schoolers’ writing attitudes. This study highlights the significance of early writing experiences in influencing children's literacy journeys and offers insightful information for educators in Katsina State. There is also a discussion of practical applications in early childhood education and suggestions for additional research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hassan Mohammad Taofik, Fadzilah Amzah, Abdul Wahab Musa, Sulaiman Jubril Ismaila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Nurse Leadership Style and Wellbeing Among Nurses in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review
Objectives: This systematic review examines how nurse leaders' leadership styles affect Saudi healthcare nurses' job happiness and well-being. It will also examine how leadership style affects nurse burnout, emotional distress, and stress, and whether well-being decline varies by nationality. Methods: The study objectives were met by a PRISMA-compliant systematic review. English papers published between January 2000 and December 2024 were found in PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and PsychINFO. Boolean operators “AND” and “OR” combined search phrases “nursing leadership,” “nursing job satisfaction,” “wellbeing,” and “leadership style.” The search targeted Saudi nurses. Results: This review uniquely gathers literature on Saudi nursing supervisor management styles and staff well-being. Leadership is essential to creating a supportive atmosphere through professional growth and lifetime learning. Analysis shows that transformational leadership improves organizational outcomes by building trust, motivation, belonging, and collaboration. Despite not improving job satisfaction or stress, transactional leadership helps complete tasks. Laissez-faire management always causes job unhappiness and burnout. The review covers the research gap on leadership's effects on job satisfaction, well-being, burnout, and workplace bullying. Conclusion: Positive working circumstances, nurse well-being, and turnover reduction require effective leadership. Nurse leader performance impacts patient and worker outcomes. Complex healthcare contexts require flexible leadership. Self-awareness, performance evaluation, and workplace aspects promote employee well-being. Leaders should emphasize relationships and assistance. To raise knowledge of how leadership styles affect staff well-being, all organizational levels need targeted, evidence-based leadership training.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muna Aabid Abdullah Alharbi, Dhakir Abbas Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Understanding Denial of Service Attacks in IoT Sensor and Wireless Sensor Networks
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a pervasive technology that has been rapidly deployed in various application domains such as smart homes, healthcare and wearables due to its ease of use and cost efficiency. IoT systems make use of sensors to monitor a phenomenon of interest autonomously with little to no human intervention. These widely distributed sensor nodes form a wireless sensor network (WSN) for sensing, task management and data collection. Despite its evolution, security in WSNs remains an ongoing challenge due to its resource constraints and the wireless communication medium. Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, for instance, are the most frequent attacks on these networks, with detrimental consequences like continuous battery drain in sensors, node failure and a degradation in network coverage. However, it remains unclear why DoS attacks are prevalent in WSNs therefore this paper presents a comprehensive study of DoS attacks in WSNs discussing the network architecture, its constraints, the network layers and the types of DoS attacks that target each layer. This layered analysis reveals that energy is the ultimate vulnerability, with 60% of the attacks being battery depletion attacks, the majority of which target the Network Layer.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bonsa Guyo, Lucy Gitau https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Artificial Intelligence Integration in Internal Auditing and its Influence on Error Detection and Reduction: Empirical Evidence from Zimbabwean Private Companies
AI is revolutionising internal auditing world-wide in terms of accuracy, speed and error detection yet it still not widely used in private sector companies in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe is also still using the manual and traditional approach to auditing which poses a higher risk for material misstatement, late reporting of transactions and operational ineffectiveness, hence the digitalisation gap. The aim of this research was to evaluate AI adoption in internal audit and to explore its effects on error detection and mitigation. The objectives of the study were to investigate the extent and impact of using AI in auditing on error detection level, as well as the characteristics of organisation and technology affecting AI usefulness. The paper is grounded in the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework, Resource-Based View (RBV), and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which collectively offer a broad theoretical insight into AI adoption and performance effects. It carried-out a systematic review to synthesize empirical evidence of AI adoption applications, audit error reduction, and organisational and technological enablers that lead to successful adoptions. Results reveal that the adoption of AI increases error detection, operational effectiveness and compliance while staff proficiency and ICT investment are important antecedents for audit accuracy. Despite these advantages, there are limitations in the form of lack of digital skill, budget constraints and weak governing system that dampen effectiveness in Zimba wean enterprises. The AI application significantly increases the internal audit performance with the dimensions of human resource capacity, organisational readiness and regulatory compliance. This has the broader implications of standardising AI audit frameworks, build capacity and introduce policy mechanisms in order to reinforce governance and operational performance. Suggestions are made in the areas of AI governance, professional education and training, ICT investment, regulatory oversight, and auditor-technology provider interaction to enhance audit quality in Zimbabwe.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jack Taitikunyepa Mashinge, Javaid Dar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Equality and Identity: Examining the Socio-Legal Status of Third Gender in India
The socio-legal status of the third gender in India shows positive legal progress, but social acceptance remains limited. An important reform came with the Supreme Court judgment in National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India (2014), which officially recognized transgender people as a “third gender.” The Court stated that transgender persons have the same fundamental rights as others under Articles 14, 15, 16, 19, and 21 of the Constitution. It also clearly said that a person has the right to decide their own gender identity and that this right is closely linked to dignity, freedom, and personal choice. The Court further directed the government to introduce welfare schemes and provide reservations in education and employment, considering the long-term discrimination faced by transgender communities. In light of the Supreme Court judgement, the government enacted the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019. This law aims to prevent discrimination against transgender persons in areas such as education, jobs, healthcare, housing, and public services. It recognizes self-identified gender, provides a system for issuing identity certificates, and establishes a National Council to look after transgender welfare. However, many problems still remain. Socially, transgender communities such as hijras and kinnars have been part of Indian culture for centuries and are often linked to religious and ceremonial traditions. Yet, in everyday life, most transgender persons face rejection from their families, discrimination in society, and lack of job opportunities. Many are denied education, healthcare, and safe housing, forcing them into poverty and social isolation. Negative attitudes, lack of awareness, and insensitive behavior by institutions further worsen their situation. Although India has taken important steps to legally recognize and protect the rights of the third gender, real equality has not yet been achieved. Laws alone are not enough. There is a strong need for better implementation, public awareness, education, and acceptance so that transgender persons can live with dignity, respect, and equal opportunities in society. The present research paper undertakes a comprehensive socio-legal analysis of the status of the third gender in India by synthesizing secondary data from multiple credible sources.
Copyright (c) 2026 Apoorva Singh, Rajeev Verma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Kambilang a Taw: The Acceptance of Meranaw Vlogging
This study examines the lived experiences of Meranaw vloggers in preserving kambilang a taw, a cultural and ethical framework encompassing dignity, honor, modesty, privacy, respect, and religious propriety within the virtual environment. Guided by a qualitative phenomenological approach, the research examines how Meranaw vloggers negotiate cultural identity through contemporary social media practices. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with ten Meranaw vloggers residing in Lanao del Sur and supported by a systematic content analysis of vlog outputs. The study demonstrates that vlogging functions not merely as entertainment or self-branding but as a space for ethical self-regulation and cultural affirmation. Findings reveal that vloggers consciously internalize kambilang a taw as a guiding principle in content creation, audience engagement, and self-presentation. Participants employed selective self-disclosure, adaptive trend modification, and culturally grounded decision-making to balance digital influence with cultural integrity. These findings highlight the capacity of digital platforms to support cultural continuity rather than cultural erosion among linguistic communities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shaha D. Mustapha, Fatima P. Abbas, Nurhafizah H. Bent Muslimen, Fatima S. Usoph, Gregg Jones P. Galgo, Dinah Kendra A. Lumactad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Educational Radio as a Tool for Distance Learning: Repositioning Gyan Vani FM (Delhi) within India’s Contemporary Higher Education Ecosystem
Educational radio has historically served as one of the most inclusive and democratising instruments of knowledge dissemination, particularly within societies characterised by economic inequality, infrastructural constraints, and technological disparities. In India, the Gyan Vani FM network—conceptualised and operationalised by the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU)—represented a landmark institutional initiative aimed at embedding educational broadcasting within the architecture of open and distance learning (ODL). Initially envisioned as a decentralised multi-city FM network serving diverse linguistic and socio-cultural contexts, Gyan Vani sought to provide curriculum-based instruction, learner support, and public awareness programming through an accessible broadcast medium. Over time, however, regulatory, financial, administrative, and technological transformations led to the gradual discontinuation of most Gyan Vani stations across India. At present, Gyan Vani FM Delhi (105.6 MHz) remains the only consistently operational station. This structural contraction raises fundamental academic and policy questions: Does the reduction of a territorial network signal the obsolescence of educational radio in the digital age? Or does it instead invite strategic repositioning within an educational ecosystem marked by digital expansion alongside persistent digital inequality? This study critically re-evaluates Gyan Vani FM Delhi within India’s contemporary higher education landscape. Drawing upon Transactional Distance Theory, Social Presence Theory, Media Ecology perspectives, and policy analysis grounded in the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, the paper adopts a qualitative document-based methodology supplemented by national statistical indicators relating to higher education participation and digital access. The analysis argues that educational radio should not be viewed as a technologically outdated medium but as a complementary and equity-oriented educational technology capable of strengthening blended learning systems. The findings suggest that despite network contraction, Gyan Vani FM Delhi retains strategic value as a low-cost, multilingual, inclusive, and crisis-resilient platform. When repositioned as a centralised audio knowledge hub integrated with digital archives, learner-support systems, structured instructional design, and empirical evaluation frameworks, it can contribute meaningfully to equitable access in higher education. The paper concludes by outlining a reform-oriented roadmap and a comprehensive empirical research design to revitalise educational broadcasting in India and comparable developing contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mukesh Yadav https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Consequences of Early and Late Marriage Among Higher Secondary Students of M.R.D. Government Higher Senior Secondary School, Dhamtari, Chhattisgarh
Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge regarding consequences of early and late marriage among higher secondary students of M.R.D. Govt. Higher Senior Secondary School Dhamtari (C.G.) Objective: Objective of the study is to assess knowledge regarding consequences of early and late marriage among higher secondary students. To find out the association between knowledge score regarding consequences of early and late marriage among higher secondary students with their socio demographic variables. Research Methodology: The study was conducted for 60 higher secondary students of M.R.D. Govt. Higher Senior Secondary School Dhamtari (C.G.). A descriptive quantitative research approach is used with non-experimental research design, sample selection was done by non-probability convenient sampling technique method, the knowledge was assess by administering self-structure questionnaire. The accessible population consists of the total number of people who meet the designated set of criteria, 60 students of class 12th M.R.D. Govt. Higher Senior Secondary School Dhamtari are the sample. The reliability of the tool was determined by using split-half method & reliability was found to be r= 0.92. Result: result of the study reveals that in Area wise analysis Area-1 self-structure questionnaire related to knowledge regarding health and marriage is analysed offer the respectively. In test mean 4.65, mean percentage 46.5% and standard deviations is 1.30. In Area-2 self-structure questionnaire related to general knowledge regarding consequences of early and late marriage is analysis after the test respectively. In test mean 7.01, mean percentage, standard deviations 1.78. So, the difference in mean percentage is 53.9 %. In Area-3: self-structured questionnaire related to knowledge regarding prevention from consequences of early and late marriage is analysis the test respectively. In test mean 4.55, mean percentage 65% and standard deviations 1.23. In overall analysis of mean, mean percentage and standard deviations on attitude regarding consequences of early and late marriage reveals that 1(1%) students are having poor scoring criteria, 92 (92%) students are having average scoring criteria and 7 (7%) students are having good scoring criteria.
Copyright (c) 2026 Preeti Milap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Nurses Self-Reflection: A Concept Analysis
Background: Self-reflection is widely recognized as foundational to nursing practice, education, and professional development. Despite its frequent invocation in nursing discourse, the concept of nurses' self-reflection remains ambiguously defined, with inconsistent usage across clinical, educational, and research contexts. This conceptual ambiguity impedes the development of robust educational interventions, valid measurement instruments, and coherent professional standards. Aim: The purpose of this paper is to conduct a rigorous concept analysis of nurses' self-reflection to clarify its defining attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents, and to distinguish it from related concepts such as reflective practice, critical reflection, reflexivity, and metacognition. Methods: Walker and Avant's eight-step concept analysis method was employed. A structured literature search was conducted across CINAHL, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science, limited to peer-reviewed English-language publications from 2020 to 2025. Studies were included if they explicitly addressed self-reflection among registered nurses, nursing students, or nurse educators in clinical, educational, or leadership contexts. Results: Six defining attributes of nurses' self-reflection were identified: (1) intentional cognitive engagement, (2) inward focus on one's own thoughts, emotions, and actions, (3) critical examination of assumptions and values, (4) connection to a specific nursing experience or encounter, (5) orientation toward meaning-making and learning, and (6) iterative and developmental nature. Antecedents include psychological safety, adequate time and space, facilitative mentorship, openness to self-examination, and a triggering clinical experience. Consequences include enhanced clinical judgment, professional identity development, emotional regulation, improved patient-centered care, and lifelong learning. Empirical referents include validated self-report scales, reflective journal assessments, and structured debriefing evaluations. A model case, borderline case, and contrary case are presented to illustrate conceptual boundaries. Conclusion: This analysis offers a synthesized, operationally grounded definition of nurses' self-reflection that distinguishes it from adjacent concepts and provides a foundation for consistent use in nursing research, education, policy, and practice. Implications for curriculum design, clinical supervision structures, and future instrument development are discussed.
Copyright (c) 2026 M. Alhejaili Nadiyah Saeed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Variable Domain Fuzzy PID Driven Anti-Skid Control with Integrated Road Surface Recognition
Traction control is a critical component in ensuring both vehicle performance and safety. Traditional traction control strategies, often based on fixed-parameter controllers, struggle to adapt to complex and variable road surface conditions. This is particularly evident on low-friction surfaces, where response delays or excessive intervention frequently occur. To address this, this paper proposes an integrated traction control method combining fuzzy road surface recognition with variable domain fuzzy PID control. A fuzzy inference system is constructed to achieve online identification of the optimal slip rate for the road surface. Based on this, a variable domain fuzzy PID controller with an adaptive scaling factor is designed. This controller dynamically adjusts its domain range according to the road surface recognition results and vehicle state, enabling precise and smooth regulation of drive torque. Joint simulations using CarSim and MATLAB demonstrate that the optimal slip rate recognition error is 5.3% on snow-covered surfaces and 4.7% on dry gravel surfaces. Compared to traditional PID and conventional fuzzy PID controllers, this strategy exhibits reduced overshoot, accelerates convergence of slip rates to optimal values across all wheels, and enhances vehicle stability during both acceleration and steady-state driving.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bingsen Liu, Chengao Shi, Gang Chen, Wei Song, Yanmei Chen, Jin Ye, Liangmo Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Determinants of Patient Safety Culture – A Systematic Review
Background: Patient safety culture (PSC) is a foundational component of healthcare quality and risk reduction in hospital settings. Although numerous studies have assessed PSC levels globally, evidence regarding its determinants remains fragmented and insufficiently integrated across healthcare systems. Objective: This systematic review aimed to identify, synthesize, and hierarchically integrate the determinants of patient safety culture in hospital settings worldwide. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL was conducted for peer-reviewed articles published between January 2010 and December 2025. Eligible studies examined determinants of patient safety culture in hospital settings using validated instruments, including the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC), the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), or equivalent standardized tools. Both empirical studies and structured research syntheses addressing determinants of PSC were considered. Data extraction and methodological appraisal were conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists, and findings were synthesized using a structured narrative approach to assess consistency and convergence across studies. Results: Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. Determinants of PSC were identified across individual, organizational, and structural domains. Organizational determinants demonstrated the strongest and most consistent associations with patient safety culture outcomes across diverse healthcare contexts. Key drivers included leadership practices, management support, staffing adequacy, workload management, teamwork climate, communication openness, and non-punitive response to error. Individual-level factors, particularly education and participation in safety training, showed positive but less consistent associations. Structural characteristics, including hospital type and governance context, functioned primarily as contextual moderators influencing variability in safety culture perceptions. Conclusion: Patient safety culture is predominantly shaped by organizational determinants, with leadership and staffing adequacy representing central leverage points for intervention. Sustainable improvement requires alignment between institutional leadership, workforce capacity, and policy-level governance strategies. This review provides an integrated synthesis of evidence clarifying priority domains for strengthening hospital safety culture globally.
Enhancing 21st Century Internal Auditing Competencies through Artificial Intelligence
The growing digitalisation of operations and processes at the organisational level has shifted internal audit towards a feedback-driven function where artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are increasingly harness to improve the efficiency, accuracy, and real-time monitoring of audits. Despite substantial capital commitments to AI solutions many audit units still grapple with recurring gaps in analytical capacity, slow decision quality, varied ethical judgmental pointing toward an incongruence between technological adoption and human competencies that limit performance outcomes. Based on Technology Acceptance Theory – Davis, 1989, Human Capital Theory – Becker, 1964 and Relational Contracting Theory – Macneil, 1980 the current study investigates how adoption of AI impacts internal audit competencies of significance and how these impact performance outcomes for audits with the presence of mediating effects. A cross-sectional mixed-methods secondary data analysis combines quantitative metrics with documentary evidence drawn from 51 peer-reviewed studies, corporate reports and archival audit performance datasets. Descriptive statistics, panel regression models and Structural Equation Modelling are employed to estimate both direct and indirect associations between the adoption of AI, enhancement of competencies and the effectiveness in audit as well as qualitative content analysis to frame behavioural and organisational transformation. Findings provide evidence of the statistically significant benefit of AI adoption on digital literacy, analytic reasoning, ethical decision-making and collaborative communication, with mediation analysis evidencing competency development mediates much of the improvement in error detection, audit quality and operational efficiency. The research concludes that AI creates sustainable value in the audit process when implemented as a capability-enhancing resource, with its effective deployment facilitated through training, governance frameworks and ethical oversight, therefore proposing a competency-based framework for technology application to assist organizations in synchronizing their technology investments with human capital development towards improved internal audit performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jack Mashinge, Javaid Dar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Comparative Study to Assess the Compulsive Buying Behaviour and Psychological Distress Between 1st Year Engineering and 1st Year B.Sc. Nursing Students with a View to Develop an Informational Booklet on Self-Regulation in Regards of Psychological Distre
Introduction: Compulsive buying behaviour (CBB), otherwise known as shopping addiction, pathological buying or compulsive buying disorder, is a mental health condition characterized by the persistent, excessive, impulsive, and uncontrollable purchase of products in spite of severe psychological, social, occupational, financial consequences. Psychological distress, a widely-used indicator of the mental health of a population, nevertheless remains vaguely understood. In numerous studies, psychological distress is “largely” defined as “a state of emotional suffering characterized by symptoms of depression and anxiety.” But how do you know if what you’re experiencing is psychological distress or a diagnosable psychological disorder, such as anxiety or depression. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the compulsive buying behaviour and psychological distress between 1st year engineering and 1st year B.Sc. nursing students with a view to develop an informational booklet on self-regulation in regards of psychological distress of selected colleges of Durg (C.G.)”. Setting and Design: A quantitative research approach with comparative research design was adopted for this study. The study focused on B.Sc. Nursing and Engineering students at Krishna Engineering College and Shree Chandra College of Nursing Durg (C.G.). Results: The result of the study were found in engineering 1st year 29(97%) are having moderate compulsive buying disorder and 01(03%) is severe compulsive buying disorder. In B.Sc. Nursing 1st year students 30(100%) are having Mild compulsive buying behaviour and psychological distress. In engineering 1st year mean is 130.96 and SD is 9.59. In B.Sc. Nursing 1st year students mean is 129.50 and SD is 10.27. In engineering student’s coefficient of variation is 7.93 in B.Sc. Nursing 1st year students and paired “t” value is 5.55 which show highly significant at the level of 0.05. coefficient of variation 7.32 of engineering student’s coefficient of variation and 7.93 in B.Sc. Nursing 1st year students and paired “t” value is 5.55 which show highly significant at the level of 0.05. Conclusion: The study conducted that the compulsive bullying behavior is higher among engineering students at comparison of B.Sc. Nursing students but in contrast psychological distress is higher among B.Sc. Nursing students as compare engineering students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sunita Nayak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Localized Window Cards: An Intervention Material for Improving Mastery of the Four Fundamental Operations in Mathematics of Grade 3 Learners of Balaybay Elementary School
Mathematical proficiency is a cornerstone of elementary education, yet mastering fundamental operations remains a challenge for many learners. This study investigated the efficacy of localized window cards as an intervention tool to improve the numeracy skills of Grade 3 pupils at Balaybay Elementary School. Employing a quantitative descriptive-comparative research design, the study aimed to measure the impact of these materials on student performance and provide a mechanism for parental monitoring through numeracy progress report cards. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in student achievement. Prior to the intervention, the group recorded a pre-test mean of 10.81 with a Mean Percentage Score (MPS) of 36.03%. Following the implementation of the window cards, the post-test mean rose to 26.62, resulting in an MPS of 88.72%. This represents a substantial 52.69% increase in the MPS. Furthermore, the post-test data showed a lower standard deviation compared to the pre-test, indicating that the pupils' performance became not only higher but also more consistent. The findings conclude that the use of localized window cards is a highly effective intervention for mastering the four fundamental operations. The study recommends the continued integration of localized materials to bridge numeracy gaps and foster stronger home-school collaboration in monitoring student progress.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gledelyn Joy H. Deliguin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Beyond a Threshold: Diminishing Resilience Gains from Additional Fiber Exit Paths Under Correlated Weather Disturbances
Telecommunication network resilience strategies frequently assume that increasing the number of geographically diverse terrestrial fiber exit paths proportionally improves availability and survivability. This assumption breaks down under correlated weather disturbances such as basin-wide floods, cloudbursts, landslides, cyclonic envelopes, and heat-driven failures, which can impair multiple routes simultaneously and constrain restoration access. This paper introduces an orthogonal risk-domain framing: resilience gains depend less on the number of terrestrial paths and more on the number of decorrelated Orthogonal Spatial Risk Zones (OSRZ) a geography can realistically support. Once OSRZ saturates—often around 4 in mountainous regions and 5 in well-connected central regions—additional terrestrial exits largely replicate existing risk domains and provide negligible improvement under widespread events. We conclude that seamless continuity of globally distributed Internet services requires a layered approach: (i) adding orthogonal risk domains such as OPGW/power corridors and satellite as an emergency layer, and (ii) weather hardening (“bulletproofing”) of both terrestrial and OPGW routes, since redundancy alone is limited by common-cause failures and correlated regional hazards.
Copyright (c) 2026 Huneef Mohammad Sofi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimization of a Double Wishbone Torsion Bar Spring Suspension System for a Hub Motor-Driven Vehicle
This paper analyzes and optimizes the kinematics of a double-wishbone torsion bar suspension for in-wheel motor EVs, addressing performance degradation due to hard point changes. A parametric model was built in ADAMS/Car. Parallel wheel travel simulation generated curves for toe, camber, caster, and kingpin inclination angles versus wheel travel. Results showed the initial toe angle exceeded its ideal range, and the kingpin inclination failed to stay within the 7~13° design specification, indicating a need for optimization. Using Adams/Insight, sensitivity analysis identified the upper/lower control arm and tie rod inner hard points as critical. DOE and multi-objective optimization were applied to these hard points. Post-optimization results confirm effective improvement: caster angle variation was reduced by 35.9% with a 0.09° downward shift; kingpin inclination variation decreased by 13.6%, its minimum value increased by 0.42°, achieving a more desirable range. This work enhances suspension performance and delivers a systematic optimization method for similar suspension systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zhirui Liu, Xiaojun Zou, Liukai Yuan, Can Cao, Rui Lian, Liangmo Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ayurvedic Concept of Virya and its Correlation with Modern Thermogenic and Bioenergetic Effects: An Integrative Review
Virya is a fundamental Ayurvedic pharmacodynamic attribute representing the immediate bioenergetic effect of a substance, classically categorized as Ushna (hot) or Shita (cold). Although Virya is not defined by physical temperature, its clinical implications include modulation of digestion (Agni), metabolism, circulation, and inflammation. Contemporary biomedical research has explored thermogenesis, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and sympathetic activation induced by dietary herbs and spices—many of which are classified as Ushna Virya in Ayurveda. This review critically correlates Ayurvedic Virya with measurable thermogenic and metabolic effects documented through in vitro, animal, and human studies. Conceptual overlaps, mechanistic parallels, and limitations are discussed, highlighting opportunities for integrative research and standardization.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aishwarya Ganesh Joshi, Aniket Yashwant Joshi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Historical Memory and Education: A Comparative Study of How the History of the “Moro Wars” and the Lumad Struggles are Taught in the Philippine National Curriculum Versus How they are Taught in the Schools of the BARMM and Lumad-Run
This paper presents a comparative study of how the history of the “Moro wars” and the Lumad struggles are taught in the Philippine national curriculum versus how they are taught in the schools of the BARMM and Lumad-Run.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ryan M. Batalo, Mosfira S. Mahdi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sari-Sari Stores as Micro-Economies of Peace in Post-Conflict Communities: An Ethnographic Study on Women and Informal Trade in Baloi, Lanao Del Norte
This study examines the role of women-managed sari-sari stores as micro-economies of peace in post-conflict communities in Baloi, Lanao del Norte, highlighting the intersection of informal trade, household livelihood, social cohesion, and grassroots peacebuilding. Situated within the post-conflict recovery context in Mindanao, it explores how everyday economic activities contribute to community stability and trust-building. Employing a descriptive mixed-methods ethnographic design, the study integrated quantitative and qualitative approaches to capture both measurable patterns and lived experiences. Fourteen purposively selected women sari-sari store owners participated, providing data through survey questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and ethnographic observations. Findings show that sari-sari stores serve as primary or significant sources of household income and are largely sustained through family support networks, reflecting the collective nature of women’s entrepreneurship. Beyond economic functions, the stores act as informal social spaces where trust, reciprocity, and cooperation are cultivated through daily interactions, small loans, and participation in community activities. Women’s engagement in these enterprises enhances their social status, influence, and leadership within households and the broader community, positioning them as informal peacebuilders. Despite challenges such as limited capital and market constraints, women demonstrate resilience and agency in sustaining their businesses. The study concludes that women-led micro-enterprises play a vital role in promoting household resilience and social cohesion. Strengthening these initiatives through access to microfinance, skills development, and community-based programs can enhance local peacebuilding and should be integrated into post-conflict recovery strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Norfaisah B. Mamintal, Norjanah M. Moraki, Johanesah S. Hadji Omar, Diamond N. Tawano-Macarimbang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Information Booklet on Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Osteoporosis Among Female Teachers in Raipur, Chhattisgarh
Osteoporosis causes bones to become weak and brittle - so brittle that a fall or even mild stresses such as bending over or coughing can cause a fracture. Osteoporosis-related fractures most commonly occur in the hip, wrist or spine. Bone is living tissue that is constantly being broken down and replaced. Osteoporosis occurs when the creation of new bone doesn't keep up with the loss of old bone. Osteoporosis affects men and women of all races. But white and Asian women, especially older women who are past menopause, are at highest risk. Medications, healthy diet and weight-bearing exercise can help prevent bone loss or strengthen already weak bones. The present study aims to “assess the effectiveness of information booklet on knowledge regarding prevention of osteoporosis among female teachers in Raipur (C.G.).” Objectives: 1) To assess the pretest and posttest level of knowledge on prevention of osteoporosis among female teachers. 2) To evaluate the effectiveness of information booklet on knowledge regarding prevention of osteoporosis among female teachers. 3) To find the association between the knowledge on prevention of osteoporosis among female teachers and selected socio demographic variable. Material and methods: The research approach used was an experimental quantitative evaluative research approach, and the research design of the study was quantitative pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test research design was used for the study. The sample was selected using convenience sampling technique. The study is comprised of 60 female teachers at selected school of Raipur (C.G.). The variables under the study are independent and dependent variables. Independent variable is information booklet regarding prevention of osteoporosis among female teachers and dependent variables is knowledge of female teachers regarding prevention of osteoporosis. A self- structured questionnaire was prepared to assess knowledge regarding prevention of osteoporosis. Validity was ensured through experts and used to test Karl Pearson correlation coefficient was used to test reliability of tools, its value for tool (r=0.7). The data obtained were analysed and interpreted in term of objective and hypothesis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis; the level of significance was at 0.05.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shikha Patel, Abhilekha Biswal, G. Hemavati, Sreemini Pillai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Medi-Intel Engine is an AI driven system which supports accurate and timely clinical decision making. Medi-Intel Engine leverages machine learning techniques and data analytics to enable efficient health monitoring, disease prediction, and decision support. The system integrates heterogeneous healthcare data, including electronic health records, physiological signals, and lifestyle parameters, to extract meaningful patterns and assess health risks. Advanced learning models are employed to analyze patient data and generate predictive insights that assist healthcare professionals in early diagnosis and preventive care. The proposed Medi-Intel Engine is designed to improve diagnostic accuracy, reduce clinical workload, and enhance overall healthcare efficiency. Unlike humans, artificial intelligence does not require rest. AI systems can be employed to continuously monitor critical indicators of patients receiving primary care and find clinicians when particular risk factors rise. As AI models are capable of learning and retaining patterns, they can deliver personalized, real-time recommendations to patients on a continuous basis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Naznin A. Qayyum Shaikh, V. C. Maindargi, P. S. Kolhe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Management and Prevention of Tuberculosis in Health Care Personnel Among B.Sc. Nursing 2nd Year Student in Selected Nursing College, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh
Tuberculosis (TB) infection control is a combination of measures aimed at minimizing the risk of transmission within a population. It is well established that health care workers (HCWs) have a considerably higher risk of occupationally acquired tuberculosis (TB). To reduce the transmission of TB to HCWs and patients, TB infection control programs should be implemented in health care settings. The first and most important level of all protection and control programs is administrative control. Its goals are to prevent HCWs, other staff, and patients from being exposed to TB, and to reduce the transmission of infection by ensuring rapid diagnosis and treatment of affected individuals. Administrative control measures recommended by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization include prompt identification of people with TB symptoms, isolation of infectious patients, control of the spread of the pathogen, and minimization of time spent in health care facilities. Another key component of measures undertaken is the baseline and serial screening for latent TB infection in HCWs who are at risk of exposure to TB. Although the interferon-gamma release assay has some advantages over the tuberculin skin test, the former has serious limitations, mostly due to its high conversion rate. Objectives: To develop and administer structured teaching programme regarding management and prevention of tuberculosis in health care personnel among B.Sc. Nursing 2nd year student in selected Nursing college of Bhilai (C.G.). To assess the pre-test and post-test knowledge regarding management and prevention of tuberculosis in health care personnel among B.Sc. Nursing 2nd year student in selected Nursing college of Bhilai (C.G). To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on post-test knowledge regarding management and prevention of tuberculosis in health care personnel among B.Sc. Nursing 2nd year students. To find association between pre-test knowledge regarding management and prevention of tuberculosis in health care personnel and selected socio demographic variables. Material and Methods: The research approach used was an experimental approach, and the research design of the study was pre-experimental one group pre-test, post-test research design. The non-probability convenient sampling techniques was used to select 60 nursing students from P.G. College of Nursing Bhilai, Durg (C.G). The variables under the study are independent and dependent variables. Independent variables is structured teaching programme regarding Management and prevention of TB in health care personnel and dependent variables is knowledge of nursing student regarding Management and prevention of TB. A self-structured questionnaire was prepared to assess knowledge regarding Management and prevention of TB in health care personnel. Reliability of the tool was 0.98. The data obtained were analyzed and interpreted in terms of objective and hypothesis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis, the level of highly significance was at 0.001. Results: major findings of these studies are out of 60 sample, in relation over all Analysis related to pre-test and post-test knowledge score regarding management and prevention of tuberculosis in health care personnel among B.Sc. Nursing 2nd year student. In post-test, majority of subjects 36 (60%) had excellent knowledge, 24 (40%) had good knowledge, and none of subjects had average poor knowledge.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sonam Goyal, Abhilekha Biswal, G. Hemavati, Sreemini Pillai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0