International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Topics
Call for Papers Publish in Multidisciplinary Journal Volume 6, Issue 11, November 2025 (In Progress) 2000+ Articles | 5,000+ Authors | 30+ Countries Publication Process Submit Manuscript ISSN (Online): 2582-7839 Publication Frequency: Monthly Subject/Scope: Multidisciplinary Areas Publication Format: Online Publication Time: Within 3 Days Publication Fee: $52 (Africa), $59 (Others), ₹2000 (India) CrossRef DOI to all published articles No Additional Author and Page Charges Free e-certificates to authors International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Topics is an online open-access journal to publish research papers. The journal welcomes articles from all the academic disciplines. The journal aims to provide a platform for the authors to publish their research, with a focus on sharing the work with society in the process of the advancement of technology. The authors are advised to read the publication process and submit the paper to the journal. The journal welcomes research papers, review papers, project papers, and case studies for publication in IJRAMT.
Cellphones Put Students at Academic Learning Risk: A Systematic Investigation of Classroom Use, Cognitive Load, and Achievement
The widespread integration of cellphones into students’ daily lives has raised critical concerns regarding their impact on academic learning. Although mobile devices offer potential instructional benefits, a growing body of research suggests that unregulated in-class use may impede core cognitive processes necessary for effective learning. This systematic investigation examines how cellphone possession and uses during instructional time influence students’ attention, cognitive load, behavioral engagement, and academic performance in authentic classroom environments. Using a mixed-method design, the study involved observation data from 24 secondary-level classes, survey responses from 612 students, interviews with 18 teachers, and mid-semester standardized exam scores. Quantitative measures included the Cellphone Use Frequency Scale (CUFS), the Student Engagement Checklist (SEC), and academic performance data across English, science, and mathematics. Qualitative data was collected through semi-structured teacher interviews and detailed classroom observation notes. Analytical procedures incorporated Pearson correlations, ANOVA, regression modeling, and thematic coding. Our results indicated pervasive non-academic cellphone use, with high frequencies of messaging, social media browsing, and notification checking. Statistical analyses revealed a significant negative correlation between overall cellphone use and academic achievement (r = –0.43, p < 0.01), with in-class messaging emerging as a particularly strong predictor of lower performance. Notably, even academic-related phone use did not yield positive learning outcomes, suggesting that the cognitive costs of task-switching outweigh potential benefits. Qualitative findings highlighted students’ difficulties in self-regulation, teachers’ challenges in enforcing device policies, and increased cognitive fragmentation during lessons. These findings demonstrate that frequent cellphone use poses measurable academic learning risks by elevating cognitive load, disrupting attention, and reducing engagement. The study concludes with evidence-based recommendations for schools, teachers, and policymakers aimed at developing structured digital-use policies and classroom practices that protect learning while promoting healthier digital behaviors.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ku Yun Chen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Freshwater Crab Shell Powder Oziotelphusa Aurantia (H.) as an Organic Fertilizer to Increase Dramatic Growth in the Plant Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.)
The pursuit of sustainable agriculture has intensified the search for effective organic fertilizers from renewable resources. Crustacean shell waste, rich in chitin, minerals and nutrients, represents a promising yet underutilized resource for enhancing soil fertility and plant growth. This study investigated the efficacy of freshwater crab (Oziotelphusa aurantia) shell powder (CSP) as an organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), in comparison to vermicompost and an unamended control. A pot experiment was conducted using red soil amended with CSP at 0.5% (w/w), vermicompost and a control. Growth parameters, including germination rate, plant height, leaf number and dimensions, flowering time and pod yield were monitored over eight weeks. CSP amendment significantly enhanced plant growth and productivity. Germination commenced one day earlier in the CSP-treated soil compared to the control and vermicompost. Plants grown in CSP-amended soil demonstrated superior performance in vegetative growth, producing a greater number of leaves, larger leaf dimensions (9 cm length, 10 cm width by week 6) and a higher final plant height. While flowering initiated slightly later than in the vermicompost group, CSP-treated plants yielded a significantly greater number of pods (12 per plant), with longer pod length (12.2 cm) heavier pod weight (11 g) and a higher total yield per plant (200 g) compared to both vermicompost (120 g) and the control (82.5 g). Freshwater crab shell powder is a highly effective organic fertilizer that significantly improves the growth, yield and nutritional quality of Abelmoschus esculentus. The utilization of this aquaculture waste product offers a sustainable strategy for enhancing agricultural productivity, improving soil health and reducing environmental pollution.
Copyright (c) 2025 P. Kalaimagal, S. Muthalagi, G. Senthil Kumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Rethinking Microfinance: Why It Falls Short in Reducing Inequality in Latin America and Africa–and the Policy Reforms Needed to Fix It
Microfinancing is a policy designed to provide small loans to individuals who typically cannot access formal banking services. This paper explains the idea in a simple way, showing how microfinance tries to reduce problems like unemployment, poverty, gender inequality, and financial exclusion. It also looks at how microfinance has helped in regions like Latin America, where credit supports agriculture, and Africa, where it supports exports of textiles, coffee, and cocoa. At the same time, the paper highlights the major difficulties of microfinancing, including low financial literacy, high operational costs, and slow bureaucratic systems that reduce efficiency. The paper suggests solutions such as improving financial literacy through local workers and NGOs, reducing unnecessary layers of management, and using digital tools similar to India’s UPI system to increase transparency and accountability. However, the counterargument shows that deeper macro-level problems—like corrupt leadership and chronic capitalism—still limit the success of microfinance. The paper concludes that microfinancing is helpful but not perfect, and it needs more improvements before it can truly achieve financial equality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dattaprasad T. Arsekar, Amlan Prateek Sahu, Avaneesh Borkar, Aryan Dua, Lalita Kulkarni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hybrid Adaptive Weighted Sliding Mode Control for Sway Suppression of a Gantry Crane System
This paper presents a new adaptive weighted sliding mode scheme with input shaper for sway suppression of a gantry crane system. The presented control approach combines an adaptive algorithm to a weighted-sliding controller with an input shaping technique. Input shaping reduces the transient sway and weighted sliding mode controller has multiple sliding surfaces of nonlinear gantry crane system using a single actuator. Adaptive algorithm is applied to estimate the upper bound of uncertainties and external disturbance. The stability of the closed loop system is analyzed using Lyapunov stability theory. The performances of the new hybrid control scheme are proved in MATLAB SIMULINK. Simulation results show that the presented control scheme can be used for sway suppression and precise cart positioning in the presence of uncertainties.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hui Song Kang, Thae Yong Kim, Chol Kim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Geo-History of a Proto-State: Nusa Island as the Operational and Ideological Kota of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front in Lanao del Sur
This paper uses a geo-historical approach to explain the enduring processes of Nusa Island, Lanao del Sur as the main Kota (fortified camp) and power center of radiation of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). The island, being in the strategic location in Lake Lanao, the geographical peculiarities of the island, such as its size, stability in year-round conditions, and isolation gave the MILF a stronghold against the forces of the state across decades of the armed clash. In the study, the researcher explains how the island evolved between 1969 and 2010 as it evolved into a formal training base of the Mujahideen into the Nusa Base Command. Additionally, the article gives an exhaustive analysis of the proto-state system of governance of MILF, the application of the rigid four points program (Islamization, organizational strengthening, military build-up as well as self-reliance) and the functional effectiveness of the Al Mahakim Al-Shari’yyah (Islamic Court) which has been settling local conflict including Rido (family feuds). Although confining that the island plays a geopolitical role in the stability of the MILF and that it possesses the attributes to govern itself in an orderly manner, the results also underscore the inherent contradiction to the same in that the continued existence and the ability to extract resources of the movement play a direct role in destruction of the environment including deforestation to the sustainability of the Kota (Ariong, 2000).
Copyright (c) 2025 Nassif S. Talal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Fast Food and Fast Ordering: The Digital Ordering Kiosk
This study delves into the customer’s experiences in Cebu’s three major fast-food chains, aiming to uncover their issues and challenges in using digital ordering kiosks. This study used phenomenological research design to fully understand the viewpoints, challenges, and aspirations among the customers of the three major fast-food chains: Jollibee, McDonald’s, and KFC. The researcher employed in-depth face-to-face interviews using a validated interview guide among the 15 participants to collect narratives about their experiences using digital ordering kiosks. The data were transcribed verbatim and subjected to Colaizzi’s analysis. Findings revealed their challenges and aspirations to improve the ordering process. With this, there is a need to upgrade the internet connectivity, create simpler and more coherent machine instructions for older people and first-timers, and include our Bisaya language in translating orders. These are essential for a more effective use of digital ordering kiosks. Moreover, the kiosk machines should be more accessible, efficient, and inclusive to all valued customers.
Copyright (c) 2025 Christine Joy C. Sarsale, Rene D. Osorno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Value Chain Analysis and Marketing Efficiency of Onion Seed Production in Rukum West District of Nepal
Onion consumption in Nepal is increasing, but domestic onion seed production meets less than 20% of demand, resulting in heavy reliance on imports. Rukum West district has strong potential for onion seed production, yet small-scale farmers dominate and face low productivity and marketing constraints. This study analyzed the onion seed value chain and the marketing efficiency of producers using primary data from key value-chain actors and applying descriptive analysis. Results showed that onion seed production costs NPR 376,806 per hectare with a benefit–cost ratio of 1.57 and an average yield of 549.55 kg/ha, with land preparation being the major cost. Seed collectors captured the highest benefit–cost ratio, marketing margin, and net value addition, while agro-vets outside the district gained the least. Among the value chain actors, the benefit-cost ratio was highest (1.64) in seed collectors, and lowest (1.06) in agro-vet (out of Rukum west district). The majority of seed producers (40%) were received the market information (the price of seed), 38.33% of seed producers were informed after harvesting, and 21.67% of seed producers were informed at the trading time. The highest quantity of seed was hold by the seed collector (75.18%) and the low volume (5.54%) was hold by agro-vets (local level). The highest marketing margin 36.11 (NPR740.17/KG) was received by seed collectors among the middleman with the highest marketing cost of NPR 59.83/KG. In the value chain, highest net value added by collectors (NPR 727.84/Kg) and lowest (NPR 181.31/Kg) value added by agro-vet (out of Rukum west district). Among the 8 prevalent existing value chain, highest marketing efficiency was found in value chain-VIII (7.28). The lowest marketing efficiency was revealed in value chain-II which was 0.94 respectively. The study revealed that value chain-II was the lowest efficient chain but the percentage of seed moves through this chain was (64.98%) the highest of total seed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Khadka Ramesh, Kathayat Dhan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Real-Time YOLOv5-Based Object Detection for Autonomous Vehicles on Nigerian Roads
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) offer substantial improvements in safety and efficiency; however, global perception benchmarks are primarily based on structured traffic environments in developed countries and do not capture the informal and complex road conditions common in Nigeria and other African nations. To address this gap, the present study developed a custom dataset comprising 8,093 real-world images from Nigerian roads, annotated with 22 contextually relevant classes, including tricycles (Keke NAPEP), Okada motorcycles, street vendors, potholes, animals, and degraded traffic signs. Three lightweight You Only Look Once (YOLO) models (v5, v8, and v11) were trained and evaluated using extensive data augmentation. YOLOv5 demonstrated the highest performance, achieving an mAP@0.5 of 96.8%, a peak F1-score of 0.94, and real-time inference at 82 FPS on an NVIDIA RTX 2060, outperforming YOLOv8 and YOLOv11 while requiring the fewest parameters. Notably, strong results were observed for safety-critical classes (pedestrians: 98.3%; tricycles: 92.6%), while degraded signage and small or occluded objects remained the primary limitations. These findings indicate that high-accuracy, vision-only perception for autonomous vehicles is feasible in resource-constrained, unstructured African traffic environments using low-cost cameras and consumer-grade hardware, provided that a locally collected dataset and robust augmentation strategies are employed. This work establishes a scalable, cost-effective benchmark and provides publicly available resources to support AV development in Nigeria and comparable developing regions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Martins E. Irhebhude, Modibbo Tukur Ahmed, Ibrahim Aliyu Ibrahim, Isah Shuaibu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Technical Efficiency of Onion Seed Production of West Rukum District of Nepal a Stochastic Frontier Production Approach
In Nepal, the consumption of onion is increasing (15.4kg/head/year). There is a vast gap between demand and supply in the onion seed sub-sector. More than 80% of onion seed is being imported from foreign countries. In Nepal, West Rukum district has been known as one of the most potential districts for onion seed production based on area, production, and favorable agro-climatic condition. However, production and productivity are very low and farmers are facing weak market linkage and unstable market. This research tried to explore the technical efficiency of onion seed producers from West Rukum district of Nepal. The primary data was collected with 120 seed producer through pre-tested questioner, KII and, and group meeting. The stochastic frontier production of Cobb-Douglas production function with single-stage estimation procedure was employed to analyze the technical efficiency of seed producers. The mean technical efficiency of seed producers was 89.7% with a 1.29 return to scale of farm. The difference between actual yield and potential yield was decreased as increased the level of efficiency of seed producers. The age and training received by producers was significant to affect the technical efficiency of the producers. Likewise, the distance of cultivation plot and economic active family member’s number were significantly negative to influence the level of seed producers. The seed producers were 10.3% below their potential capacity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Khadka Ramesh, Lee Byoung-Hoon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Suitable Underground Mining Method Selection Using EEM and PROMETHEE: A Case Study of a Glauberite Mine
Underground Mining Method Selection (UMMS) is the first stage and the most important problem in mining design. Selecting the suitable mining method among many alternatives is a multi-criteria decision-making problem. To apply decision making theory for Mining Method Selection (MMS) problem, researchers have faced two difficulties in recent years: (i) calculation of relative weight for each attributes, (ii) uncertainty in judgment for decision makers. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the implementation of an integrated approach that employs expert evaluation method (EEM) and preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) together for selecting the most suitable mining method in the Glauberite Mine. Mining method selection depends on some parameters, such as geological and geotechnical properties, economic parameters and geographical factors. This problem includes seven possible mining methods and eleven attributes to evaluate them. These attributes include shape of deposit, slope of orebody, thickness of orebody, depth below the surface, grade distribution, hanging wall RMR, orebody RMR, recovery, dilution, mining cost and annual productivity. Firstly, we calculated the weights of these attributes using the expert evaluation method (EEM). A simple case study has also been presented to illustrate the competence of this method. Here, we compared the seven mining methods for a Glauberite mine and selected the optimal mining method using PROMETHEE method. Finally, the Block stoping method was selected as the most suitable method to this mine. The results have shown that the proposed integrated method can be successfully used in solving mining engineering problems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Myong Chun Pak, Song Hyok Nam, Jong Hyok Se https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Alice Munro’s Ecocritical Imagination, Spatial Theory, and the Ethics of Place
This paper examines the ecological imagination embedded in Alice Munro’s fiction through an interdisciplinary lens that brings together ecocriticism, ecofeminism, and spatial theory. Although Munro’s stories are deeply rooted in the ordinary textures of rural Canadian life, they reveal a sophisticated environmental consciousness that predates contemporary discourses of climate anxiety. Her meticulous depictions of riverbanks, orchards, forests, and peripheral townships demonstrate that landscape in her work functions not as passive backdrop but as an active agent shaping identity, memory, gender, and emotional experience. Drawing on theorists such as Henri Lefebvre, Yi-Fu Tuan, and Doreen Massey, this study argues that Munro’s spatial practice aligns with the conception of space as a lived, relational construct that is continuously produced and transformed through human and non-human interactions. Munro’s narratives frequently situate moments of self-realisation and crisis in liminal environments—the rural outskirts, wooded paths, abandoned farms—where characters confront buried memories, repressed desires, or unsettling insights. These peripheral ecologies mirror psychic transitions, revealing how environmental and emotional states are entangled. The paper further explores the ecofeminist dimensions of Munro’s work, highlighting how women and their constrained domestic lives contrast with their experiences of freedom, vulnerability, and agency in natural spaces. Munro’s fiction avoids romantic essentialism, instead presenting the woman–nature relationship as socially mediated, ambivalent, and shaped by labour, risk, and desire. A key emphasis of this study is Munro’s rendering of slow environmental changing forests, altered seasonal rhythms, and suburban encroachment which she integrates into the texture of everyday life. Such subtle environmental realism gestures towards ecological loss and precarity without overt polemic, foregrounding an ethics of attentiveness and responsibility. The paper demonstrates that Munro’s small-town settings are deeply political socio-ecological formations, shaped by class, gender, memory, and environmental histories. Ultimately, it argues that Munro’s fiction contributes significantly to contemporary ecological thought by illuminating the intertwined futures of human and natural worlds.
Copyright (c) 2025 Divyadarshini Singh, Saloni Prasad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of E-Commerce on Consumer Purchasing Patterns in Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija
This paper presents the impact of e-commerce on consumer purchasing patterns in Cabanatuan city, Nueva Ecija.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marietta J. Ablaza, Gladys Anne E. Caday, Melvierose T. Cardona, Michelle Jean A. Cucio, Jhoana Christina P. Cunanan, Mark Reggie S. Gomez, Dewi Marie L. Lacambra, Mitz Anne A. Galapon, Eugene P. Gabatin, Lone Marjan D. J. Garcia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Noble PI-PD Controller Design Based on Extended State Space Predictive Functional Control Using Improved Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm
In proportional-integral-proportional-derivative (PI-PD) controller design based on extended state space predictive functional control (ESSPFC), the proper tuning of weighting matrix of cost function has a direct influence on the controller performance. However, the analytical method to determine it has not been unknown. To solve this problem, in this paper, an improved grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) is used to improve the performance of controller by optimizing the weighting matrix of cost function. To overcome the drawbacks of standard GOA, a linear shrinking coefficient is replaced by nonlinear shrinking coefficient, a mutation operation is adopted, and position updating formula is modified. The performance of proposed method is tested and compared with other methods based on PFC. Simulation results show that the proposed design method is much superior to other methods in terms of the set-point tracking, disturbance rejection and robustness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chung Hyok Kang, Kukhuan Jang, Jinsong Ri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Airport Privatization Management: Navigating Opportunities, Challenges, and Governance
Airport privatization has emerged as a global phenomenon as nations seek to reduce public spending, enhance operational efficiency, and attract private sector investment in aviation infrastructure. This study examines the fundamentals of airport privatization, analysing various operational models and their impact on management practices, overall performance, and the protection of public interests. The analysis considers how private sector involvement shapes service delivery, operational costs, safety protocols, and strategic development. Major obstacles are identified, including regulatory frameworks, questions of equity, and the tension between commercial priorities and public service responsibilities. The study concludes with practical guidance for decision-makers and airport administrators on achieving equilibrium between business goals and national development priorities while safeguarding passenger interests (Graham, 2011, 2020; Howell et al., 2022).
Copyright (c) 2025 Albalawi Salah Faleh, Dhakir Abbas Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Television Debates to Twitter Wars: Evolution of Political Rhetoric in Hybrid Media Systems
This study looks at the transformation of political rhetoric in a hybrid media environment - one that comprises both older and newer media now interacting with each other. It looks at how this interaction has changed the communication from the 1960s style of political debate on `the (old media) television style debate cult formation to the modern-day approach for stylized interactivity advocated by Twitter` and current communication. The older media and newer media have produced a fast interactive, personal style of communication. This also has produced polarization, echo chambers, and other impediments to democratic engagement. We show how rhetoric changes across media, and how the setting of agendas, framing of messages and mobilizing audiences now is different and pragmatic interaction along the television, print and digital trajectories present. We provide empirical case studies and from existing theoretical frameworks and conclude upon the discussion of implications for future research either engagement with media hybridity or not, in order to reflect upon the integrity of political discourse.
Copyright (c) 2025 Niyati Bist, Shivendu Rai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Prevention of COPD Among Staff Nurses Working at Selected Hospital, Rajpura, District Patiala, Punjab
The term chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) refers to a medical condition marked by chronic obstruction in the peripheral bronchus. The disease is disabling with symptoms such as chronic cough, wheezing, dyspnoea, and increase infection of respiratory passage resulting in a progressive and irreversible reduction of airflow. The prevalence of COPD is closely linked to tobacco use, and variations exist in its incidence, morbidity, and death between nations and demographic groups. Methodology: Descriptive Univarient research design will be adopted. Research study was conducted at Neelam Hospital, Rajpura, District Patiala, Punjab. Sample were selected by using non probability convenient sampling technique and self structured knowledge questionnaire will be used to assess the level of knowledge. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics Result: Mean and standard deviation knowledge score regarding COPD among staff nurses revealed that the mean knowledge score of staff nurses was (16.93) and standard deviation was 2.94. The frequency and percentage distribution of knowledge regarding COPD among staff nurses shows that majority of staff nurses 48 (80%) had average knowledge regarding COPD followed by 11 (18%) had good knowledge and 1 (2%) had poor knowledge regarding COPD.
Copyright (c) 2025 Manisha Kapoor, Rahul Sharma, Lovesampuran Kaur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effectiveness of E Module on Quality of Life Among Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review
Menopause is the most important division in the life of a woman. It is often associated with vasomotor symptoms, mood, and sleep disturbances which quite appreciably deteriorate quality of life (QoL). Informed care and self-care are two approaches that have recently gained popularity. This review discusses how effective these interventions are in different contexts within the improvement of menopausal women's QoL. Main aim: This systematic review aimed to explore evidence on the effectiveness E module interventions in improving the QoL of menopausal women. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Comprehensive searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for studies published between January 2020 and May 2025. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, and cohort designs assessing e-module or digital educational interventions for menopausal women. Data were extracted using a standardized form, and risk of bias was evaluated with Cochrane RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. Quantitative results were synthesized using a random-effects model to estimate standardized mean differences in quality-of-life outcomes, while heterogeneous data were summarized narratively. Findings: Educational and digital interventions improved menopausal women’s QoL significantly about the physical, psychosocial, and vasomotor aspects. Theory-based interventions, mobile applications, and structured programs improved knowledge, self-care, and engagement. Behavioral model-based and technological interventions have demonstrated greater acceptability and sustainability particularly when culturally tailored and personalized to the needs of midlife women. Conclusion: Educational and self-care interventions—even digital tools are effective in improving the QoL of menopausal women. Interventions that are based on a theory, personalized, and accessible produce the best outcomes. Structured education and mobile technologies should be adopted by healthcare providers to support women through their menopausal transition.
Copyright (c) 2025 Amnah Salman Alsubhi, Suriyakala Perumal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparative Analysis of the Anti-Epileptic Activity of Annona Muricata and Artocarpus Heterophyllus on MES Induced Seizures in Wistar Rats
The main objective of our assessment is the comparative study of the Anti Epileptic activity of Annona muricata and Artocarpus heterophyllus on MES induced seizures in Wistar Rats. Anticonvulsants (also known as antiepileptic drugs or recently as anti-seizure drugs) are a diverse group of pharmacological agents used in the treatment of epileptic seizures. Phenytoin is best standard drug for epileptic patients its belongs to Hydantoin derivatives. It works by decreasing abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Phenytoin is used to control seizures (convulsion), including tonic-clonic (grand mal) and psychomotor seizures, in the treatment of Epilepsy. The Hydro-alcoholic extracts of “Annona muricata and Artocarpus heterophyllus” were subjected to phytochemical analysis find out the presence and absence of phytochemical constituents. The phytochemical tests employed for “Annona muricata and Artocarpus were subjected to phytochemical analysis find out the presence and absence of Alkaloids, Protein, carbohydrates, flavonoids, other compounds found are tannins, saponins, terpenoids, glycosides. Results of the Present study show that the comparing Hydroalcoholic extract of Annona muricata and Artocarpus heterophyllus, Annona muricata leaves (400mg/kg) produced significant anticonvulsant effect against MES induced seizure in Rat.
Copyright (c) 2025 Susan Alby, V. Jenila Jose Jancy, S. Indira, S. Uma Maheswari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Virtual Reality vs. Augmented Reality: A Comparative Meta-Analysis of Immersive Learning Impact on STEM Education
This meta-analysis investigated the comparative effectiveness of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) in enhancing learning outcomes in STEM education. A total of 80 empirical studies published between 2015 and 2025 were analyzed using the PRISMA 2020 framework, encompassing 6,538 participants from 27 countries across primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. Effect sizes were computed as Hedges’ g under the DerSimonian–Laird random-effects model using R programming (Google Colab), Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA v4), and JASP 0.18.3 for cross-validation. The findings revealed large and statistically significant pooled effects for both technologies (AR: g = 0.82 [0.64, 1.00]; VR: g = 1.07 [0.85, 1.29]). Moderate heterogeneity (AR I² = 61%; VR I² = 68%) justified the random-effects approach, while publication bias tests indicated symmetrical funnel plots and non-significant Egger’s regression results, confirming the stability of estimates. Subgroup analyses showed that effect sizes increased with higher educational levels and longer intervention durations, and varied across outcome domains—VR yielding the highest effects in psychomotor and spatial skills, while AR excelled in affective engagement. The results align with the Cognitive-Affective Model of Immersive Learning (CAMIL), affirming that immersive technologies facilitate dual cognitive and emotional pathways to learning. The study concludes that AR and VR are transformative pedagogical tools that significantly improve conceptual understanding, engagement, and skill mastery in STEM, positioning immersive learning as a cornerstone of Education 4.0 innovation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lyndon Bermoy, Jenny Orbegoso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bridging the Digital Divide in Indian Education System: It’s Progress and Challenges in 21st Century
Information and communication technology plays a crucial role in advancing modern civilization. The swift advancement and wide spread adoption of information and communication technologies has expedited economic growth and social transformation, but digital divide continuous to be a pressing global issue, as there are still inequalities in the availability and use of digital technology among different regions of the world. The digital divide is seen between urban and rural populations, it also exists across individuals with different level of education, between different economic strata and among nations with varying levels of industrial development. This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the digital divide in India, specifically exploring important aspects such determinants, digital divide in India, Initiatives, significance of digital connectivity of contemporary society and recommendations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kour Simeran Jeet, Sofi Sobia Qadir, Bhat Seema Afzal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding Anemia Among Antenatal Mothers in Sadar Hospital, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Anemia is one of the most common nutritional disorders among antenatal mothers, particularly in developing countries like India. Physiological hemodilution during pregnancy, along with iron deficiency due to poor dietary intake and lack of awareness, contributes to its high prevalence. Despite government initiatives, anemia continues to affect maternal and fetal health outcomes. Methodology: A pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design will be adopted. The study was conducted among antenatal mothers visiting Sadar Hospital Ranchi, Jharkhand. Samples were selected through non probability purposive sampling technique. A structured knowledge questionnaire will be used to assess the level of knowledge before and after administering the planned teaching program. Data has analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The result of the present study findings are shows that, there was a significant improvement of knowledge among antenatal mother after administration of planned teaching program. The mean and SD of post-test knowledge score was (25.7±6.37) and pre-test knowledge score was (16.8±7.74). The paired 't' value (7.96) at level of significant (<0.05) shows that there is a statistical difference between pre-test and post-test level of knowledge score among antenatal mothers. The result supported that, the knowledge of antenatal mothers was improved after administration of planned teaching program of anemia antenatal mother. Conclusion: The planned teaching program is anticipated to be an effective strategy to enhance knowledge and awareness about anemia among antenatal mothers, thereby promoting better maternal and fetal health outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 P. Vijayashree, Rahul Sharma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Challenges Facing E-Government Initiatives on Public Service Delivery in Tanzania Public Organisations: A Case of Tanzania Posts Corporation Head Office
The study assessed Challenges facing e-government initiatives on public service delivery in Tanzanian public organizations, a case of Tanzania Posts Corporation Head Office. The objectives were to evaluate the level of digital services infrastructure implemented in enhancing service delivery by the Tanzania Posts Corporation Head Office, to examine the roles of capacity building and training of e-government initiatives on public service delivery. The study used both primary and secondary data and mixed approaches of both Qualitative and quantitative methods in analyzing the Challenges facing e-government initiatives on public service delivery in Tanzanian public organizations. This study was comprised of 102 respondents including members from Information and Communication Department (IT), Finance Department, Director of TPC, customers and Staff Members. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews and it was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26 and thematic analysis. The study revealed that there was generally positive sentiment towards the accessibility and efficiency of digital services. However, it also identified several significant challenges that hinder the full potential of e-government initiatives. These challenges include inadequate digital literacy among users, poor internet connectivity, and insufficient government funding. The research emphasized the critical role of ongoing capacity building and training programs in enhancing public servant skills and fostering greater public trust in e-government services. In conclusion, this study underscored the necessity for targeted interventions to bridge the digital divide, particularly for marginalized communities, and emphasized the urgent need for comprehensive awareness campaigns to enhance public engagement with e-government services. Recommendations include investing in digital literacy programs, improving internet connectivity, allocating adequate funding for e-government initiatives, and fostering a culture of innovation within public organizations to reduce bureaucratic resistance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hamadi Bakari Hamadi, Kassim Rashid Kiliza, Janet Emily Mutebe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparative Study of Nasopharyngeal Swab, Oropharyngeal Swab and Oral Saliva for the Diagnosis of COVID-19
Introduction: The world has been affected by COVID-19 in recent years. There are various sampling sites which have given different yields. Methods: In cross sectional, prospective and descriptive study, 3 sampling sites namely oropharyngeal (OP), nasopharyngeal (NP) and oral saliva (OS) were compared as regards to COVID-19 yield. Results: A total of 939 samples were collected from 313 patients. Among these patients, 16 had samples positive from all three sites. There were 6 patients who had both nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs which showed positive results for COVID-19, while there were 4 patients each in whom only either oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal swabs were positive. One patient had positive sample for oropharyngeal and oral saliva, while there was no patient in whom only saliva was positive. Thus a total of 27 patients had atleast one sample which was positive. Conclusion: Both nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples are important and also both samples should be taken from all patients in order to reduce false negative results. Oral saliva as the only sampling site cannot be relied on owing to its low yields.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nitin Gupta, Neelam Gulati, Surinder Kumar Singhal, Varsha Gupta, Sohini Walia, Diljot Sandhu, Isha Dhawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Institutional Related Factors Influencing Adherence to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Acute Coronary Syndrome Among Clinicians at Kenya Ports Authority Clinics in Mombasa, Kenya
Standard clinical guidelines like Advanced Cardiac Life Support by the American Heart Association are put in place to guide clinicians in the management of Acute Coronary Syndrome to improve the outcomes among the patients. The main purpose of the study was to assess the institutional related factors influencing adherence to the American Heart Association guidelines for Acute Coronary Syndrome among clinicians at Kenya Ports Authority clinics in Mombasa, Kenya. A descriptive cross-sectional study involving quantitative methods of data collection was adopted. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The target population was 106 clinicians attending to patients who present with Acute Coronary Syndrome at the KPA clinics in Mombasa. A Census method was used. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 and presented in tables. Ethical approval was sought from Mount Kenya University Ethics and Research Committee (MKU-ERC) and permission was granted from the National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation. The study concludes that the associations between availability (ᾳ=0.000), accessibility of the AHA guideline (ᾳ=0.002), training on ACS management (ᾳ=0.022) and provision of the resources (ᾳ=0.004) on adherence to AHA Guidelines among clinicians at Kenya Ports Authority clinics in Mombasa, Kenya were significant. The study recommends that the KPA management should increase the medical budget to ensure the availability of adequate resources. The Clinic management should ensure that medications are readily available and accessible. The KPA Clinic management should formulate a simple algorithm that outlines the steps to be taken when managing ACS patients.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mary Kavinya Mailu, Nilufa Jivraj Shariff, Ruth Mbugua https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effects of Political-Administration Dichotomy in Decision Making Process in Tanzania – A Case of Temeke Municipality
The study assessed Effects of political- administration dichotomy in decision making process in Tanzania. A case of Temeke Municipality. The objectives were to analyze the relationship between politicians and administrators in the decision-making process in Temeke Municipality, to examine how stakeholder engagement affects decision-making in Temeke Municipality. The study used both primary and secondary data and mixed approaches of both Qualitative and quantitative methods in analyzing the effects of political administration dichotomy in decision making process in Tanzania. This study was comprised 191 respondents included comprise of all Councilors, Heads of departments, WEO’s, VEO’s, DED and all village chairmen. Data were collected through questionnaires, and interviews and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 27 and thematic analysis. The findings reveal that significant political pressures undermine the quality of decisions made by administrators, with respondents indicating that political influence often prioritizes agendas over objective analysis, leading to favoritism and delays in the decision-making process. Additionally, stakeholder engagement is shown to enhance decision-making quality and accountability, although many respondents’ express skepticism regarding the seriousness with which public feedback is integrated into governance. Furthermore, the research identifies that conflicts between political agendas and administrative priorities hinder effective decision-making, exacerbated by inadequate communication and the current political climate, which complicates the separation of roles between political leaders and bureaucrats. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the necessity of fostering collaboration between politicians and administrators to improve governance outcomes, advocating for the establishment of independent oversight bodies to monitor political influence, the implementation of training programs to enhance understanding of the political-administration dichotomy, and the promotion of transparent communication channels to clarify roles and responsibilities. By prioritizing evidence-based decision-making and stakeholder engagement, local governance in Temeke Municipality can be strengthened, ultimately serving the community's genuine needs and restoring public trust in governmental institutions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Euzebyo Rodrick Msigwa, Joan Owade, Kassim Rashid Kiliza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Revolution: A Process of Radical Change Needed with Time
Poverty, inequality, injustice and lack of basic needs form the ground for a revolutionary upheaval in a country and it develops with time in the mind of the affected masses for radical alteration in basic values and beliefs. Imposition of anything with force on the masses that hurts the sentiment on the multitude is sure to fuel fire of a rebellion. History is replete with instances. The main cause of Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, the rebellion against the military forces of the British India, stands for hurting the religious sentiment of soldiers of both Hindu and Muslim community besides injustice and economic exploitation of the British East India Company. Apart from radical change in political order either through violent means or silent revolution, there are various kinds of fundamental changes from the outdated concept to new ones that we happen to witness in our daily life to suit in the demands of time. These may also be viewed as revolutions, be it in the field of education or in the field of commerce and industry or in the field of healthcare system and the like and take the civilization onto the roads of progress with smiling populace all around.
Copyright (c) 2025 Biswanath Kundu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Proneness to Criminality in Young Adults: The Role of Gender
The present study aimed to assess levels of proneness to criminality among young adults and examine the influence of gender on its various components. Criminality proneness was analyzed across six key dimensions: aggression, proneness to violence, psychopathic traits, disrespect towards law, and addiction proneness. Data were collected from a sample of young adults using a standardized assessment tool, and statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and independent samples t-tests, were conducted. Findings revealed that a majority of participants exhibited moderate levels of proneness across all components, with statistically significant differences noted among low, medium, and high levels (p < .001). Gender differences were also prominent, with male young adults scoring significantly higher in aggression, proneness to violence, and addiction proneness (p < .05), indicating a greater inclination toward externalizing behaviors. However, no significant gender differences were observed in psychopathic traits and disrespect towards the law. These results suggest that while most young adults demonstrate moderate risk levels, males may require particular attention in interventions targeting behavioral risk factors. The study highlights the need for early preventive strategies that are gender-sensitive and focused on mitigating risk behaviors that may lead to delinquency or criminal activity during the formative adolescent years. Further research is recommended to explore contextual and environmental influences.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pradeep Kumara, Lancy D’Souza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Study of the Importance of Research Methodology in Library and Information Science
This study is highlight that research methodology is very important in Library and Information Science field for conducting rigorous and reliable research to advance the field. It emphasizes the need for a proper methodology to systematically collect and analyze data to address research problems, whether basic or applied. The study also point out to the increasing complexity and diversity of research methods in LIS, the prevalence of quantitative approaches like surveys, and the need for a systematic approach to identify gaps and inform future practice.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dashrath Singh Nag https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Existential Alienation in Arun Joshi’s The Foreigner: An Analysis
Arun Joshi’s The Foreigner examines the theme of existential alienation through its protagonist Sindi Oberoi, a man who endures profound disconnection from himself, society, and cultural roots. Born in Kenya to an Indian father and English mother and educated across continents, Sindi epitomizes rootlessness and identity crisis, embodying the modern “foreigner” in both literal and existential terms. Joshi employs a complex narrative structure with flashbacks and intense psychological insight to probe Sindi’s emotional detachment and quest for meaning amidst loss and trauma. The novel is a seminal exploration of alienation as both social estrangement and inner spiritual void, highlighting the tension between involvement and detachment, love and hate, belonging and displacement. Sindi’s eventual struggle towards acceptance and responsibility signals a tentative reconciliation with existence, reflecting existentialist concerns with authenticity, freedom, and anguish. This study analyzes the manifestations of alienation in Joshi’s work, using textual evidence to demonstrate how the protagonist’s fragmented selfhood critiques modern dislocation and underscores the human condition’s enduring challenges. The Foreigner remains a landmark in Indian English literature for its existential depth and philosophical concerns.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sanjay Kumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
On the Difference Between Proteus Simulation Program and Practice in Single Power Supply Use of μA741
Since the use of simulation software is widely used in designing electronic circuits, it is very important to increase the accuracy of the simulation program. We found the difference between the simulation results of the simulation software Proteus and the experiment results in the single power supply use of the μA741 operational amplifier and verified the experimental results through the analysis of the internal structure of the μA741 op amp. In the Proteus 8.15 simulation program, the inverting input level of the op amp using a single power supply varies according to the value of the negative feedback resistor. The experiment showed that when using a single power supply of 15 V and applying negative feedback to μA741, the inverting input voltage is almost 2 V rather than 1.5 V.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chol Min Ri, Kuk Chon Ho, Tae Huan Ko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0