International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Topics
type: channel
description: Call for Papers Publish in Multidisciplinary Journal Volume 7, Issue 5, May 2026 2000+ Articles | 5,000+ Authors | 30+ Countries Publication Process Submit Manuscript ISSN (Online): 2582-7839 Publication Frequency: Monthly Subject/Scope: Multidisciplinary Areas Publication Format: Online Publication Time: Within 3 Days Publication Fee: ₹1600 (India), $52 (Africa), $59 (Others) CrossRef DOI to all published articles No Additional Author and Page Charges Free e-certificates to authors International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Topics is an online open-access journal to publish research papers. The journal welcomes articles from all the academic disciplines. The journal aims to provide a platform for the authors to publish their research, with a focus on sharing the work with society in the process of the advancement of technology. The authors are advised to read the publication process and submit the paper to the journal. The journal welcomes research papers, review papers, project papers, and case studies for publication in IJRAMT.
publisher: RESAIM Publishing
language: en
publication name: International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Topics
issn: 2582-7839
items: Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) Beneficiaries Management and Forecasting System
items: The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children in Africa
items: Complement-Mediated Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia as the Initial Presentation of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report
items: Exploring the Experiences of Neonatal Nurses in Providing End-of-Life Care to Newborns and their Families
items: Management Support, Organizational Challenges, and Procurement Efficiency in Occidental Mindoro State College
items: Budgetary Challenges, Financial Innovations, and Budget Management Efficiency of Occidental Mindoro State College
items: https://journals.ijramt.com/index.php/ijramt/article/view/3235
items: Revisiting Inter-Sectoral Diversification Theory
items: A Pre-Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Mother and Neonate Skin to Skin Contact on Early Initiation of Breastfeeding Among Postnatal Mother: One Group Pre-Test Post-Test Design
items: https://journals.ijramt.com/index.php/ijramt/article/view/3232
items: Assessing the Challenges and Socioeconomic Impact of Awarded Certificate of Stewardship Contracts (CSCs) in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro
items: Impact of School Feeding Program on Pupils’ Attendance and Performance in Basic Science and Technology in Primary Schools in Katsina Metropolis
items: Integrating Faith and Culture in Teaching for Holistic Learner Development
items: A Study to Compare Team-Based Learning Versus Self Learning on Learning Outcome Among Nursing Students in Selected College of Nursing, Bishrampur, Chhattisgarh
items: Civil Society: An Identity for Elevated Democracy and Fair Adult Suffrage
items: Stigma, Economic Strain, and Mental Health among Single Mothers in Urban Kenya: A Practice-Based Integrative Review
items: Tourism Development in Dibang Valley, Anini: Future Prospects and Challenges
items: System Efficiency, Challenges, and User Satisfaction of the Environmental Management Bureau-MIMAROPA Online Permits Application in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro
items: In Silico Characterization of Multi-Layered Regulatory Mechanisms Governing HIF1A Gene Expression
items: Green-Synthesized Nanoparticles for Dual Targeting of Oral Biofilms and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
items: In Silico Functional and Structural Characterization of rs141029929 Variant in ANGPT1 Reveals Reduced Protein Stability and Potential Impact on Angiogenic Pathways
items: A True Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Dry Ginger Powder on Management of Nausea and Vomiting Among Antenatal Mother at CHC in Utai, Chhattisgarh
items: Crime Incidence and Responsiveness of Police-Barangay Joint Operations in Barangay Buenavista and Barangay Sta. Lucia, Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro
items: Bioremediation of Pb, Cd and Cr by Soil Bacteria from Urban-Industrial Transition Zones
items: Fermented Rice Water: A Source of Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms
items: The Myth of the Monolith: Acculturation Stress and Mental Health Outcomes Among Foreign African Students in Kenyan Universities
items: Level of Compliance to RA 11032 Ease of Doing Business (EODB), Challenges, and Government Service Delivery in the Registry of Deeds of Mamburao, Occidental Mindoro
items: Age, Morphology, Reproduction and Feeding Habits of Two Strains of Auchenoglanis Occidentalis (Valenciennes, 1840) from Lakes Bangweulu and Tanganyika, Zambia
items: Impact of Migration on Families Left Behind: Psychological and Educational Perspectives
items: Effect of Digital Mobile Loan Usage on Academic Performance of University Students in Nairobi County, Kenya

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) Beneficiaries Management and Forecasting System
type: item
description: The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is a program in the Philippines that helps poor families by giving them money support. However, managing and monitoring the large number of 4Ps beneficiaries is difficult and often relies on manual processes. This study aims to improve how 4Ps data is handled by developing a system that can manage and predict beneficiary needs effectively. The main goal of the study is to create a system that makes it easier to manage 4Ps information and to forecast future needs using technology. The research used a development design, and data was gathered through interviews, surveys, and review of existing reports from the DSWD (Department of Social Welfare and Development). The system was tested by selected users and experts to check its usability and accuracy. The system includes features like Profile Management Disbursement Monitoring, Conditional Monitoring, Data Reporting, and Predictive Analytics. Findings show that the system helps improve data accuracy, reporting, and decision-making. It also provides insights into who may graduate from the program or need more support. The study recommends the use of this system to help local government units and DSWD offices improve their services and planning. Future researchers may explore adding more features like mobile access and integration with national databases.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Jasmin D. De Guia
creator: Francis F. Balahadia
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jasmin D. De Guia, Francis F. Balahadia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-19
publication date: 2026-05-19
starting page: 44
ending page: 65
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i5.3241

The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children in Africa
type: item
description: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a significant mental health condition among children exposed to traumatic experiences such as violence, abuse, armed conflict, disasters, and displacement. Despite increasing recognition of childhood trauma as a major public health concern, the burden of PTSD among children remains underreported in many low and middle income countries, particularly within African settings where exposure to adverse experiences is often high. This review aimed to determine the prevalence of PTSD among children and to examine factors associated with variations in prevalence across different populations and settings. A literature review was conducted using studies involving children aged below 18 years. The findings demonstrated that PTSD in children is a multifaceted condition influenced by an interplay of trauma-related, individual, familial, and environmental factors. While global prevalence rates remain relatively moderate, significantly higher rates are observed in trauma-exposed and high-risk populations, particularly in African and conflict-affected settings. Key associated factors include trauma severity, female gender, older age, prior trauma exposure, parental psychopathology, and low social support. Understanding these factors is essential for developing targeted prevention and intervention strategies aimed at reducing the burden of PTSD among children and adolescents. Further research is needed to strengthen epidemiological evidence and guide context-specific interventions in African and other low-resource settings.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Rose Adhiambo Opiyo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rose Adhiambo Opiyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
starting page: 39
ending page: 43
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i5.3240

Complement-Mediated Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia as the Initial Presentation of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report
type: item
description: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare hematological disorder that may occur as a primary condition or secondary to underlying diseases including malignancies. Although AIHA is commonly associated with lymphoproliferative disorders, association with solid tumors such as renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains uncommon. We report a 67-year-old gentleman who presented with symptomatic anemia and laboratory evidence of complement-mediated hemolysis. Direct antiglobulin testing demonstrated anti-IgG positivity and strong C3d positivity suggestive of complement-mediated AIHA. Clinical examination revealed a ballotable left-sided abdominal mass. Imaging demonstrated a left renal mass with central necrosis and para-aortic lymphadenopathy highly suggestive of RCC. The patient demonstrated favorable hematological response following corticosteroid therapy and transfusion support. This case highlights the importance of evaluating for underlying malignancy in patients presenting with unexplained hemolysis.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Komalah Chenasammy
creator: Sharmila Binti Mohd Nadzir
creator: Shahada Sobah Abdul Hamid
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Komalah Chenasammy, Sharmila Binti Mohd Nadzir, Shahada Sobah Abdul Hamid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-17
publication date: 2026-05-17
starting page: 36
ending page: 38
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i5.3239

Exploring the Experiences of Neonatal Nurses in Providing End-of-Life Care to Newborns and their Families
type: item
description: Background: Caring for critically ill newborns at the end of life is among the most emotionally and ethically demanding roles in nursing. Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses must simultaneously manage the physical needs of fragile infants and the grief of families who are often wholly unprepared for what lies ahead. Purpose: This study set out to understand how neonatal nurses at Doctor Soliman Fakeeh Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, experience end-of-life care in practice and what weighs on them emotionally, the moral conflicts they encounter, how Islamic and family-centered values shape their work, and what helps them carry on. Method: Ten neonatal nurses participated in semi-structured interviews employing a phenomenological approach. Reflexive thematic analysis identified patterns related to emotional strain, moral tensions, the influence of religious beliefs, and the sources of meaningful support for the nurses. Results: Four main themes emerged: First, nurses faced significant emotional burdens due to prolonged exposure to infant death, leading to grief or emotional numbness. Second, ethical issues created moral conflict, with some nurses feeling anguish over a baby's suffering while feeling compelled to act. Third, cultural and Islamic values, along with family expectations, influenced care delivery, with prayer and Quranic recitation providing comfort but sometimes conflicting with clinical decisions. Fourth, coping mechanisms and support systems were essential for nurses. Conclusion: Neonatal nurses in Saudi Arabia encounter considerable emotional, ethical, and cultural challenges. While personal resilience and support from colleagues help, a deficiency in structured training and institutional backing is notable. To enhance care for nurses and families, improvements in ethics education, support programs, and culturally appropriate communication tools are necessary.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Hanadi Souleman Alhejeli
creator: Minerva Raguini
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hanadi Souleman Alhejeli, Minerva Raguini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-13
publication date: 2026-05-13
starting page: 19
ending page: 35
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i5.3238

Management Support, Organizational Challenges, and Procurement Efficiency in Occidental Mindoro State College
type: item
description: This study was conducted using descriptive correlational design. Respondents were composed of hundred buyers/procurers from six campuses of Occidental Mindoro State College (OMSC). Results show that management support of OMSC was ranked high particularly towards leader's support, policy enforcement, training, resource distribution and monitoring. As for organizational challenges, multi-tasking, personnel and time were considered challenges. Technical skills and accountability were considered moderate, and all aspects of procurement efficiency were ranked high. Ethical compliance and fairness were ranked highest as for procurement efficiency. Correlation shows that management support was significantly related to procurement efficiency. While organizational challenges were not. Regression shows that policy enforcement and resource distribution were found to be significantly predicting procurement efficiency. As such, this study concludes that good management will lead to effective procurement and resilient purchasing departments while lack of challenges will not negatively affect procurement efficiency.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Jofelyn Joy M. Zafra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jofelyn Joy M. Zafra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
starting page: 14
ending page: 18
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i5.3237

Budgetary Challenges, Financial Innovations, and Budget Management Efficiency of Occidental Mindoro State College
type: item
description: This study employed a descriptive correlational research design to examine the relationship among budgetary challenges, financial innovations, and budget management efficiency at Occidental Mindoro State College (OMSC). The descriptive component assessed stakeholders’ perceptions of these variables, while the correlational component analyzed their interrelationships. Five key stakeholder groups, which include the budget staff, campus administrators, faculty, finance personnel, and students were purposively selected and proportionally represented through stratified sampling. Findings indicate that OMSC experience moderate budgetary challenges, mainly due to delayed government fund release, complex financial regulations, and limited planning capacity. Despite these constraints, the institution demonstrates high adoption of financial innovations, such as digital budgeting systems, performance-based budgeting, stakeholder engagement, and revenue diversification. Consequently, budget management efficiency is high, particularly in transparency, accountability, monitoring, and control. Correlation and regression analyses reveal that internal factors, especially financial planning capacity and stakeholder involvement, significantly enhance efficiency, whereas funding-related challenges have minimal effect. The study highlights that financial innovations and strong internal planning are key drivers of effective budget management at OMSC.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Myra Gatmaitan Somintac
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Myra Gatmaitan Somintac https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
starting page: 9
ending page: 13
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i5.3236

https://journals.ijramt.com/index.php/ijramt/article/view/3235
type: item
title: A Comparative Study to Assess the Progress of Labour by Plotting of Partograph Among Parturient Women Provided with Lithotomy and Upright Position During 1st and 2nd Stage of Labour in Selected Hospital, Durg, Chhattisgarh
description: This paper presents a comparative study to assess the progress of labour by plotting of partograph among parturient women provided with lithotomy and upright position during 1st and 2nd stage of labour in selected hospital, Durg, Chhattisgarh.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Surbhi Sonwani
creator: Seema Santosh
creator: Sushila Singh Bias
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Surbhi Sonwani, Seema Santosh, Sushila Singh Bias https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-07
publication date: 2026-05-07
starting page: 5
ending page: 8

Revisiting Inter-Sectoral Diversification Theory
type: item
description: Malaysia wants to be a fully developed nation, and the government has made every effort to make that happen. Since 1997, the Malaysian stock market has seen a sharp increase in investment from foreign, institutional, and individual investors. However, the 2007 phenomenon and certain recent events have led the stock market to fluctuate greatly, making it difficult for analysts to make accurate predictions. we need a better understanding of the transmission mechanism of stock price formation so then investor can predict well the stock. Most of the investors, they believe that stock price index is one of the most important indicators that may use to predict whether it is a good timing to invest or not to invest. The reason why we need to study about stock market, it is because if we cannot predict stock market. For the investor, it may difficult for them. They do not know which stock they should buy. Since stock market in some event occur difficult from them to choose the right shares to buy. Example like, after the great depression Asian Crisis 1997, Malaysia stock price index drop significantly. At that time, no one can predict anything. Since the market are unpredictable.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Nurul Ikma Binti Haris
creator: Clarence Anthony Puspanathan
creator: Aruna Raj Devarajoo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Ikma Binti Haris, Clarence Anthony Puspanathan, Aruna Raj Devarajoo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 4
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i5.3234

A Pre-Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Mother and Neonate Skin to Skin Contact on Early Initiation of Breastfeeding Among Postnatal Mother: One Group Pre-Test Post-Test Design
type: item
description: According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) conducted in 2019-2021, about 41.6% of newborns in India were breastfeed with in the first hour of birth. Objectives: To assess the pretest score regarding mother and infant skin to skin contact on early initiation of breastfeeding at selected hospital of Bilaspur Chhattisgarh. To administer mother & neonates skin to skin contact on early initiation of breast feeding. To assess the effectiveness of mother and neonates skin to skin contact on early initiation of breastfeeding. To find out the association between pretest score with their socio demographic variables regarding neonates skin to skin contact on early initiation of breastfeeding. Hypothesis: H1: There will be significant difference in pre-test and post test score regarding effect of mother and infant skin to skin contact on early initiation of breastfeeding. H2: There will be significant association between pre test score of mother and infant skin to skin contact and early initiation of breastfeeding with selected socio-demographic variables. Result: The sample size was 100 were selected. Data collection was analyzed by an ‘z’ test. Effectiveness of mother & infant skin to skin contact on early initiation of breastfeeding among postnatal mother. compares mean effectiveness scores regarding mother and infant skin to skin contact on early initiation of breastfeeding. Mean difference was 4.67, mean percentage was 14.3 in pretest and 23.64 in post test, SD was 1.57 in pre test and 1.69 in post test, The Parametric paired Z test value was found to be 4.27 which was greater than 2. The calculated ‘r’ value is 0.8 which is also a very strong positive correlation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Kalpana Vishwakarma
creator: Deepika Kumar
creator: Reshma Ekka
creator: Akansha Moses
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kalpana Vishwakarma, Deepika Kumar, Reshma Ekka, Akansha Moses https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 88
ending page: 91
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3233

https://journals.ijramt.com/index.php/ijramt/article/view/3232
type: item
title: An Experimental Study to Investigate the Effectiveness of Back Massage on Reduction of Perception of Labour Pain During First Stage of Labour Among Expectant Mothers Admitted in Labour Room at District Hospital, Durg, Chhattisgarh
description: Labour pain is a universal phenomenon and is perceived as one of the most severe forms of pain experienced by women. Non-pharmacological methods such as back massage can play a vital role in reducing pain perception during labor. Hence, the present study was undertaken A quasi experimental study to investigate the effectiveness of back massage on reduction of perception of labour pain during first stage of labour among expectant mothers admitted in labour room at selected hospital Durg, Chhattisgarh.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Teresa Sahu
creator: Shushila Singh
creator: Seema Santosh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Teresa Sahu, Shushila Singh, Seema Santosh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-28
publication date: 2026-04-28
starting page: 86
ending page: 87
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3232

Assessing the Challenges and Socioeconomic Impact of Awarded Certificate of Stewardship Contracts (CSCs) in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro
type: item
description: The research evaluated the problems and socioeconomic effects of awarded certificate of stewardship contracts out of forty (40) beneficiaries in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro. Using a descriptive-correlational research design, quantitative data were collected through a survey from the respondents through random sampling. Data were analyzed using weighted mean, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results showed that most CSC beneficiaries are older adults, predominantly male, with legal tenure, managing small to medium plots and cultivating diverse crops, suggesting that experience and secure land rights support effective management. They face moderate implementation challenges, particularly limited access to credit, yet experience moderate socio-economic benefits, especially in land improvement. Land tenure significantly influences challenges, while other demographic and farm factors do not. Implementation challenges do not significantly affect outcomes, and although age, sex, and lot size do not affect socio-economic impact, the type of crops cultivated does influence the level of benefits. In conclusion, the findings indicate that CSCs contribute positively to sustainable land management and community development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Niño Aloysius B. Colegado
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Niño Aloysius B. Colegado https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-27
publication date: 2026-04-27
starting page: 80
ending page: 85
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3231

Impact of School Feeding Program on Pupils’ Attendance and Performance in Basic Science and Technology in Primary Schools in Katsina Metropolis
type: item
description: This study examined the impact of the School Feeding Program on pupils’ attendance and academic performance in Basic Science and Technology in public primary schools in Katsina Metropolis, Katsina State, Nigeria. The study adopted a quasi-experimental research design, specifically a non-equivalent control group design. The population comprised all Primary 5 and 6 pupils in public primary schools in Katsina Metropolis. A sample of 360 pupils was selected using multistage sampling techniques, consisting of 180 pupils from School Feeding Program beneficiary schools and 180 pupils from non-beneficiary schools. Two instruments were used for data collection: Attendance Record Checklist (ARC) and Basic Science and Technology Achievement Test (BSTAT). The instruments were validated by experts, and a reliability coefficient of 0.81 was obtained using Cronbach’s Alpha method. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and percentage) and inferential statistics (independent samples t-test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation) at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that pupils in beneficiary schools recorded significantly higher attendance rates and performed better in Basic Science and Technology than pupils in non-beneficiary schools. A significant positive relationship was also found between participation in the School Feeding Program and academic performance. However, challenges such as irregular food supply, weak monitoring, poor food quality, and inadequate kitchen facilities were identified. The study concluded that the School Feeding Program significantly enhances attendance and academic performance, and recommended program expansion, improved monitoring, and better infrastructural support for sustainability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Abubakar Aliyu Saulawa
creator: Mustapha Muhammad
creator: Usman Mohammed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Abubakar Aliyu Saulawa, Mustapha Muhammad, Usman Mohammed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-27
publication date: 2026-04-27
starting page: 75
ending page: 79
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3230

Integrating Faith and Culture in Teaching for Holistic Learner Development
type: item
description: Contemporary education often emphasizes technical proficiency and measurable outcomes, sometimes neglecting moral, cultural, and spiritual development. This article contends that such fragmentation compromises the coherence needed for meaningful learning and holistic human flourishing. Drawing on theological anthropology, meaning-centered psychology, and cultural understanding, it presents a framework for integrative education that connects intellectual growth with identity formation and moral concerns. A key premise is that learners enter educational settings already shaped by cultural and spiritual frameworks, which profoundly influence their cognition, motivation, and engagement. The paper outlines a conceptual and theoretical basis for integration and proposes a curriculum framework encompassing conceptual, personal, and institutional dimensions. It concludes that integrative education is essential, not optional, for fostering authentic learning and human development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Ruth Mumo Omungo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ruth Mumo Omungo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-27
publication date: 2026-04-27
starting page: 68
ending page: 74
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3229

A Study to Compare Team-Based Learning Versus Self Learning on Learning Outcome Among Nursing Students in Selected College of Nursing, Bishrampur, Chhattisgarh
type: item
description: Background: Team-Based Learning is an innovative, student-centred, active learning strategy designed to enhance knowledge, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills through teamwork. In Team Based Learning, learners are divided into small, diverse teams that remain consistent throughout the course. The learning process typically involves three main phases: pre-class preparation, readiness assurance testing, and application of concepts to problem-solving tasks. Through this structured approach, students engage more deeply with the content, apply theoretical knowledge to real-life scenarios, and develop communication and decision-making skills. Aim: To compare the outcome of Team Based Learning and Self Learning among nursing students. Setting and Design: the study was conducted at V.M. college of Nursing, Bishrampur (C.G.), A quasi-experimental research design was adopted. Material and Methods: 60 Nursing students were selected using random sampling technique and assigned into Team based Learning (n=30) and Self Learning (n=30). A self-structured tool to assess socio demographic variables and self-structured check list to assess the learning outcome (knowledge, comprehension, application and synthesis). Data are analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: the findings revealed a statistically significant difference in learning outcome between the Team Based Learning and Self Learning is accepted as tcal 2.24 is more than ttab 2.05 at p<0.05 level of significance. Total mean ± sd. percentage analysis shows that Team Based Learning in good category 86.66% and poor category 13.33% & Self Learning in good category 70% and poor category 30%. ‘t’-test to find out the Learning outcome of Team Based Learning & Self Learning on mean ± SD were 15.6 ± 2.25 and 13.56 ± 3.6 respectively. The result was analyzed using t-test and a significant and a significant improvement in learning outcome is statistically proved as 't' value calculated that is 2.24 is mor…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Pushpendra
creator: Roja Princy
creator: Abhilekha Biswal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Pushpendra, Roja Princy, Abhilekha Biswal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-26
publication date: 2026-04-26
starting page: 65
ending page: 67
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3228

Civil Society: An Identity for Elevated Democracy and Fair Adult Suffrage
type: item
description: Democracy is a form of government where peoples’ active participation is essential. Due to vastness of population direct democracy has ceased to exist though this is possible at the grass root level while working through various local self-governments. But hegemony of the rulers prevents participation of common people in the process even at the grass-root level. Absence of plurality invites despotism in governance of the administration and democracy is eclipsed due to executive exuberance of the executives and parliamentary dictatorship. Civil Society from age of Aristotle (384–322 BCE) played an important role in elevation of democracy and restoring liberty of people against the despotic rulers. Role of such Civil Society has become a sine qua non in the present day for free and fair adult suffrage in a democratic situation. Election violence, economic repression as well as social aggression by the rulers have vitiated the process of democratic administration and muting voice of even the civil society through bounties and favours.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Tapas Kumar Ghosh
creator: Anil Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tapasa Kumar Ghosh, Anil Kumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-26
publication date: 2026-04-26
starting page: 61
ending page: 64
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3227

Stigma, Economic Strain, and Mental Health among Single Mothers in Urban Kenya: A Practice-Based Integrative Review
type: item
description: Single motherhood is increasingly prevalent in urban Kenya, yet mental health services remain insufficiently responsive to the intersecting challenges of stigma, economic strain, and culturally embedded family norms. This practice-based integrative review synthesizes empirical and policy-oriented literature to examine how structural inequalities and socio-cultural expectations shape the psychological well-being of single mothers, particularly in urban settings such as Nairobi. Drawing on acculturation theory and attachment theory within a non-essentialist, structurally informed framework, the review highlights identity strain, economic vulnerability, and social exclusion as key determinants of distress. The paper identifies a critical clinical gap in culturally responsive assessment, diagnosis, and intervention. Actionable recommendations are proposed across clinical practice and supervision, emphasizing non-pathologizing, context-sensitive approaches. An equity impact analysis considers both the benefits and potential unintended harms of these interventions. This manuscript contributes to the advancement of culturally grounded mental health care in Kenya and similar low- and middle-income contexts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Prisca Okemba
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Prisca Okemba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-23
publication date: 2026-04-23
starting page: 57
ending page: 60
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3226

Tourism Development in Dibang Valley, Anini: Future Prospects and Challenges
type: item
description: Dibang valley a pristine natural serenity surrounded by snowcapped mountains, meandering gorge rivers, diverse flora and fauna and also known as the ‘Valley of Waterfalls’ was awarded with the Best Offbeat Mountain Destination at the Outlook Traveller Awards 2024, the 17th Annual Convention of the Adventure Tour Operators Association of India (ATOI) in 2025. This paper examines the multifaceted opportunities and obstacles concerning the advancement of tourism in the Dibang Valley, Anini, a region characterized by its rich biodiversity and distinct tribal heritage. The analysis encompasses current infrastructural developments and government initiatives aimed at fostering sustainable and community-centric tourism models within Arunachal Pradesh, thereby offering insights applicable to the Dibang Valley. Specifically, this study will critically evaluate the potential for ecotourism and cultural tourism, while simultaneously addressing the environmental impact, logistical constraints, and socio-economic considerations inherent in developing such a remote yet pristine destination. Further, it will explore how active local community participation and robust policy frameworks can mitigate negative perceptions and foster inclusive growth in emerging tourism destinations. The inherent challenges in establishing robust tourism infrastructure in geographically isolated areas like Dibang Valley necessitate strategic planning to overcome accessibility issues and ensure the provision of essential services for visitors.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Athuko Tayu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Athuko Tayu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-22
publication date: 2026-04-22
starting page: 52
ending page: 56
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3225

System Efficiency, Challenges, and User Satisfaction of the Environmental Management Bureau-MIMAROPA Online Permits Application in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro
type: item
description: Utilizing descriptive research, this study assessed the system efficiency, challenges, and user satisfaction of the Online Permits Application System of the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) MIMAROPA under the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro. The randomly chosen 180 business owners, pollution control officers, environmental consultants, private citizens, and local government personnel who applied for permits online and had used the system served as the respondents. Data was collected using a structured survey questionnaire. The respondents confirmed the very high efficiency (mean=4.56) and very high user satisfaction (mean=4.58) of the online application system. They likewise reported the slightly serious challenges (mean=1.67) encountered in its use. Correlation analysis revealed the negative relationship between system efficiency and challenges (r=-0.443), and between challenges and user satisfaction (r=-0.282) which emphasized that the optimization of system performance would help reduce barriers and enhance user contentment. In contrast, the positive correlation (r = 0.442) between satisfaction and efficiency indicates that efficient processes, accessibility, and timely service delivery are associated with user appreciation of the online permit application system. Although rated highly efficient, it is necessary to provide continuous system maintenance, performance monitoring, and user feedback mechanisms. To sustain long-term efficiency, reliability, and successful delivery of e-government services, training and seminars are needed for the system administrators. Strengthening support services, digital assistance, system guidance, enhanced user-centered system features, regular updating of security measures, and an integrated system improvement framework are likewise recommended.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Ronnele Tejada Esteves
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-21
publication date: 2026-04-21
starting page: 47
ending page: 51
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3224

In Silico Characterization of Multi-Layered Regulatory Mechanisms Governing HIF1A Gene Expression
type: item
description: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) is a key regulator of cellular responses to hypoxia and is controlled through complex regulatory mechanisms. This study presents a comprehensive in silico analysis of the regulatory architecture of HIF1A, integrating epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and functional interaction layers. CpG island analysis revealed a CpG-rich region suggestive of epigenetic control, while promoter prediction identified multiple transcription start sites, indicating transcriptional flexibility. Numerous polyadenylation sites and predicted miRNAs highlighted extensive post-transcriptional regulation. Gene expression analysis demonstrated moderate variability in HIF1A expression, supporting tightly regulated expression dynamics. Protein–protein interaction analysis further established HIF1A as a central hub interacting with key regulators of hypoxia signaling. Overall, the findings provide a holistic view of the multi-level regulatory mechanisms governing HIF1A expression and its role in cellular adaptation to hypoxic conditions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Parampreet Kaur
creator: Rajinder Kaur
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Parampreet Kaur, Rajinder Kaur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-21
publication date: 2026-04-21
starting page: 42
ending page: 46
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3223

Green-Synthesized Nanoparticles for Dual Targeting of Oral Biofilms and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
type: item
description: The co-evolution of multidrug resistance amongst oral pathogens and sub-par treatment outcomes associated with traditional OSCC therapy calls for alternative strategies, which not only differ in terms of the underlying mechanism but should also be biocompatible. One such strategy entails nanoparticle synthesis utilizing plant extracts as both reducing agents and ligands; secondary metabolic compounds endow the produced nanomaterials with unique biological activity. The aim of the present review is a comprehensive analysis of the preparation, characterization, and dual antibacterial/antitumorigenic activities of AgNPs, CuNPs, and FeNPs produced from aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica and Syzygium cumini. The nucleation, growth kinetics, size distribution, and particle charge are all governed by the polyphenols content of aqueous plant extract; in particular, Syzygium cumini nanoparticles display monodispersity and low particle sizes (<20 nm) in comparison to larger Azadirachta indica nanoparticles that show enhanced stability due to the abundant presence of terpenoids. Amongst oral biofilm-forming bacteria, AgNPs have shown the greatest breadth of antimicrobial action at the minimum concentration range of 5-25 μg/mL; AgNPs showed greater than 90% biofilm inhibition whereas CuNPs showed antifungal efficacy against Candida albicans. FeNPs, though inherently less cytotoxic, offer a magnetically responsive platform for targeted drug delivery and localized hyperthermia. In OSCC cell lines, biogenic nanoparticles induced dose-dependent apoptosis through mitochondrial membrane depolarization, upregulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytochrome c release, and caspase-3 activation, with selectivity indices consistently superior to chemically synthesized counterparts — attributed to the modulation of oxidative thresholds by surface-adsorbed phytochemicals. Taken together, these phytometallic nanocomplexes represent a mechanistically integrated dual-action platform with potenti…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Aditi Kumari
creator: Yogesh Kumar Singh
creator: Priyanka Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Aditi Kumari, Yogesh Kumar Singh, Priyanka Singh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-20
publication date: 2026-04-20
starting page: 23
ending page: 41
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3222

In Silico Functional and Structural Characterization of rs141029929 Variant in ANGPT1 Reveals Reduced Protein Stability and Potential Impact on Angiogenic Pathways
type: item
description: This paper presents In Silico functional and structural characterization of rs141029929 variant in ANGPT1 Reveals reduced protein stability and potential impact on angiogenic pathways.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Parampreet Kaur
creator: Rajinder Kaur
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Parampreet Kaur, Rajinder Kaur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-19
publication date: 2026-04-19
starting page: 17
ending page: 22
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3221

A True Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Dry Ginger Powder on Management of Nausea and Vomiting Among Antenatal Mother at CHC in Utai, Chhattisgarh
type: item
description: Background: Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) is a common condition affecting a large proportion of antenatal mothers, particularly during the first trimester. Although usually non-fatal, it can significantly impair physical comfort, nutritional intake, and quality of life. Pharmacological management is often associated with concerns regarding fetal safety, leading to increased interest in safe, natural, and cost-effective remedies. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has been traditionally used as an antiemetic, but limited experimental evidence is available on the effectiveness of dry ginger powder among antenatal mothers. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of dry ginger powder in the management of nausea and vomiting among antenatal mothers. Settings and Design: The study was conducted at a Community Health Centre (CHC), Utai, Chhattisgarh. A true experimental research design was adopted. Materials and Methods: Sixty antenatal mothers in the first trimester suffering from nausea and vomiting were selected using random sampling technique and assigned into experimental (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. The experimental group received dry ginger powder at a dose of 1.5 grams twice daily after meals for a duration of 30 days, while the control group received routine antenatal care without intervention. The severity of nausea and vomiting was assessed using a structured rating scale during pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The findings revealed a statistically significant reduction in the severity of nausea and vomiting among antenatal mothers in the experimental group after administration of dry ginger powder compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Hence H1 was accepted. The intervention was found to be effective and well tolerated by the participants.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Neha Sonpipare
creator: Sushila Singh Bias
creator: Seema Santosh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Neha Sonpipare, Sushila Singh Bias, Seema Santosh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-19
publication date: 2026-04-19
starting page: 14
ending page: 16
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3220

Crime Incidence and Responsiveness of Police-Barangay Joint Operations in Barangay Buenavista and Barangay Sta. Lucia, Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro
type: item
description: This study examined the responsiveness of police-barangay joint operations and crime incidence in Barangay Buenavista and Barangay Sta. Lucia, Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro. The research study used a descriptive correlational research design to examine the profiles, crime rates, and joint operation response of police officers and barangay officials who participated in the study, which involved 123 PNP personnel and barangay tanods as respondents. Results revealed that crime incidence is generally moderate in terms of types of offenses and crime hotspots, with higher frequencies observed for illegal gambling, traffic violations, minor breaches, and poorly monitored areas. Reported crime rates and crime clearance rates were perceived as high, indicating consistent reporting, prompt action, and effective incident resolution. The joint operations were found to be highly responsive in terms of response time, resource allocation, communication efficiency, community perception, joint patrol effectiveness, and incident resolution. Occupation and assignment length were significant correlates of perceived responsiveness, whereas age, educational attainment, and involvement in crime prevention initiatives were not. Furthermore, higher crime incidence was positively associated with more effective and timely responses from the police-barangay units. The research shows that joint operations succeed in building community trust and delivering quick responses, yet criminal activity requires authorities to establish better preventive strategies, including data on citizen demographics and professional backgrounds that affect response times.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Leo Pascual Dacayanan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Leo Pascual Dacayanan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-04
publication date: 2026-04-04
starting page: 1
ending page: 13
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i4.3219

Bioremediation of Pb, Cd and Cr by Soil Bacteria from Urban-Industrial Transition Zones
type: item
description: Urban–industrial transition zones are dynamic areas where residential, traffic, and industrial activities coexist, often leading to persistent heavy metal contamination. Metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) are of particular concern due to their non-biodegradable nature, long-term persistence in soil, and associated ecological and public health risks. Their accumulation alters soil chemistry and disrupts native microbial communities essential for soil health. This study investigated the resilience of indigenous soil bacteria and their potential role in heavy metal bioremediation. Soil samples were collected from urban gardens and textile-influenced industrial sites and analyzed for physicochemical parameters (pH, moisture, texture) and heavy metal concentrations using standard colorimetric methods. Pb and Cd were estimated by the dithizone method at 520 nm, while Cr was quantified at 540 nm following acid digestion. Industrial soils showed comparatively altered physicochemical properties and higher metal loads. To assess microbial adaptation, samples were enriched in metal-supplemented nutrient broth, and distinct bacterial isolates were purified. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) studies under combined metal stress identified three highly tolerant isolates, which were further tested for compatibility and consortium development. Biosorption potential was evaluated in liquid culture, followed by laboratory-scale soil microcosm experiments using metal-spiked sterile soil. Both individual isolates and the consortium were applied, and metal reduction was monitored over time. The consortium demonstrated enhanced remediation efficiency compared to individual strains. Statistical correlation analysis further examined the relationship between pollutant concentration and removal efficiency. Overall, the findings highlight the adaptive capacity of indigenous soil bacteria and support their potential use as bioindicators and eco-friendly agents for su…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Vinit Sunilkumar Patel
creator: Savanata Raut
creator: Lavina Pinto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Vinit Sunilkumar Patel, Savanata Raut, Lavina Pinto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 91
ending page: 99
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i3.3218

Fermented Rice Water: A Source of Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms
type: item
description: The increasing demand for sustainable agricultural practices has intensified research on eco-friendly biofertilizers derived from natural resources. Fermented rice water (FRW), a common household by-product generated during rice washing, is rich in soluble nutrients and indigenous microbial populations. The present study investigates fermented rice water as a potential source of plant growth- promoting microorganisms (PGPM) and evaluates its effect on the growth of Coriandrum sativum L. Washed rice water was allowed to undergo natural fermentation for three days under ambient laboratory conditions. A significant reduction in pH from 7.5 to 5.0 indicated active microbial metabolism. Fourteen morphologically distinct isolates were obtained using selective and non-selective media. The isolates were screened for plant growth-promoting traits including phosphate solubilization, cellulase activity, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. Among them, isolates I1, I8, I11, and I12 exhibited comparatively higher IAA production and were selected for consortium development after compatibility testing. Pot trials conducted under sterile and non-sterile soil conditions demonstrated enhanced germination rate, root length, and shoot length in treated plants compared to control. In non-sterile soil, seed soaking treatment showed maximum root elongation (5.3 cm), while microbial consortium application was more effective under sterile soil (3.5 cm). The findings suggest that fermented rice water serves as an inexpensive and sustainable reservoir of beneficial microorganisms with significant potential as a biofertilizer in sustainable agriculture.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Vrushali Jitendra Patil
creator: Savanta V. Raut
creator: Tanvi Sawant
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Vrushali Jitendra Patil, Savanta V. Raut, Tanvi Sawant https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-29
publication date: 2026-03-29
starting page: 85
ending page: 90
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i3.3217

The Myth of the Monolith: Acculturation Stress and Mental Health Outcomes Among Foreign African Students in Kenyan Universities
type: item
description: Intracontinental student mobility driven by the African Union’s Agenda 2063 has made Kenya a key destination for African students. This study contends that the so-called "myth of monolith" – the belief in a unified African identity – mistakenly presumes seamless cultural and psychological transitions. Instead, this myth heightens acculturation stress and worsens mental health outcomes among Foreign African Students (FAS) in Kenyan higher education. This study employed a narrative review of peer-reviewed literature published between 2020 and 2025. A search of digital databases identified 124 articles. Of these, only 6 met the inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis and interpretation. The findings indicate that foreign African students experience significant acculturation stress, primarily due to language barriers, culture shock, and perceived discrimination. The existing evidence challenges the “monolith myth” by demonstrating that stress levels vary significantly across individuals, regardless of age, marital status, or education level. Based on these findings, the study concludes that most Foreign African Students arrive in Kenya with limited emotional and psychological preparedness for the challenges of cultural transition, which increases their vulnerability to the effects of cultural distance within academic institutions. To mitigate these challenges, the study recommends implementing peer-based support systems, including community networks, to provide essential coping mechanisms that buffer against depression, anxiety, and social isolation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Nneka Ene
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nneka Ene https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-29
publication date: 2026-03-29
starting page: 79
ending page: 84
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i3.3216

Level of Compliance to RA 11032 Ease of Doing Business (EODB), Challenges, and Government Service Delivery in the Registry of Deeds of Mamburao, Occidental Mindoro
type: item
description: The objective of this study is to determine the level of compliance with the Ease of Doing Business and efficient Government Service Delivery Act (Republic Act No. 11032). The study employed the descriptive-correlational design to determine the relationship between the level of compliance with the republic Act No. 11032 and the level of government service delivery at the Registry of Deeds of Mamburao, Occidental Mindoro. A total of 85% of the total number of employees were randomly selected to participate in the study. It examined compliance across key areas, including streamlining of procedures, reduction of red tape, processing of transactions, and automation and digitalization; assessed the extent of challenges in implementing the law; and evaluated the quality of government service delivery through adherence to the Citizen’s Charter, effectiveness of client feedback mechanisms, and ARTA monitoring and enforcement. The study employed a quantitative research design, utilizing surveys and document reviews to collect data from relevant stakeholders. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between compliance and service delivery and to test whether implementation challenges served as intervening factors. The findings provide insights into how adherence to RA 11032 can enhance public service efficiency, transparency, accountability, and citizen-centered outcomes, and offer a basis for recommendations to improve service quality and operational effectiveness.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Jholan F. Mendoza
creator: Melchor P. Dioso
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jholan F. Mendoza, Melchor P. Dioso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-29
publication date: 2026-03-29
starting page: 70
ending page: 78
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i3.3215

Age, Morphology, Reproduction and Feeding Habits of Two Strains of Auchenoglanis Occidentalis (Valenciennes, 1840) from Lakes Bangweulu and Tanganyika, Zambia
type: item
description: Due to inadequate published information, this study addressed the knowledge gap in reproductive biology, feeding habits, and morphology of Auchenoglanis occidentalis in order to provide basic biological data for domestication in Zambia. One hundred and thirty two (132) fish were sampled from Lakes Bangweulu and Tanganyika in Zambia with males having total length of 390.5±11.0mm and 400.9±23.0mm respectively while females had total length of 380.55±52mm and 390.80±43mm. Total length was a significant (p<0.05) predictor of fecundity, gonadosomatic index, maturity and age with mean age of 1 year. The presence of Diptera insect larvae and blood worms (Chironomous midge) in the diets of this species suggests the need for a high protein formulated aquaculture diet. The higher absolute mean fecundity of 8066.3±926.3 than tilapias suggests the need for adequate facilities for incubating eggs. Results of this study show that the fish is a good species for domestication and brood stock from Lakes Tanganyika and Bangweulu are recommended for culture.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Rabecca M. Mainza
creator: Wilson Jere
creator: Austin Mtethiwa
creator: Alexander S. Kefi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rabecca M. Mainza, Wilson Jere, Austin Mtethiwa, Alexander S. Kefi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-27
publication date: 2026-03-27
starting page: 66
ending page: 69
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i3.3214

Impact of Migration on Families Left Behind: Psychological and Educational Perspectives
type: item
description: Migration, a critical socio-economic force, reshapes family structures globally. This study examines the educational and psychological impacts of migration on left-behind family members, particularly children and spouses. Through thematic insights and a bibliometric analysis using VOS viewer, the research reveals how migration influences academic performance, emotional well-being, identity, and support mechanisms. The paper synthesizes global case studies and bibliometric trends to offer a nuanced perspective on the interplay between migration and familial outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Chander Mohan
creator: Poras Yadav
creator: Satyajit Mallick
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Chander Mohan, Poras Yadav, Satyajit Mallick https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-18
publication date: 2026-03-18
starting page: 61
ending page: 65
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i3.3213

Effect of Digital Mobile Loan Usage on Academic Performance of University Students in Nairobi County, Kenya
type: item
description: The rapid growth of digital financial technologies has increased access to mobile-based credit among university students in Kenya, raising concerns about its potential implications for academic outcomes. Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior, this study examined the effect of digital mobile loan usage on the academic performance of university students in Nairobi County, Kenya. Specifically, the study assessed the effect of accessibility of digital mobile loans, cost of borrowing, and digital loan dependency on students’ academic performance which was measured using GPA, attendance, or assignment completion. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, targeting undergraduate students from 27 public and private universities in Nairobi County. Using stratified random sampling, a sample of 399 students was selected, out of which 327 valid responses were obtained, representing an 82% response rate. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis with the aid of SPSS. The findings revealed that accessibility of digital mobile loans had a significant negative effect on academic performance (β = −0.262, p < 0.05), indicating that ease of access encouraged frequent borrowing that reduced academic focus. Overall, the variable jointly explained 58.1% of the variation in academic performance. The study concludes that while digital mobile loans enhance financial access, excessive accessibility, high borrowing costs, and loan dependency negatively affect students’ academic performance. The study recommends strengthening financial literacy programs in universities, enhancing regulation of digital mobile lending, and promoting responsi
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Mary Andika
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mary Andika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-18
publication date: 2026-03-18
starting page: 55
ending page: 60
doi: 10.65138/ijramt.2026.v7i3.3212