Orthodontic Treatment Induced Gingival Recession- A Review on Impact and Treatment Outcomes

Abstract

Gingival recession occurs as a result of displacement of marginal gingiva apical to the cement-enamel junction resulting in root surface exposure caused by several predisposing and precipitating factors. Clinical and case-control trials have shown orthodontic appliance therapy itself has a negative influence on the periodontium and associated soft tissue structures. Among several consequences, controversy still exists in occurrence of gingival recession as an uncommon manifestation caused by movement of teeth external to the alveolar cortical bone plate. Hence the present review was carried out to ascertain the role of orthodontic treatment in causing gingival recession by reviewing existing clinical, evidence based studies, gingival recession risk factors and discuss briefly on its impact and treatment outcomes. It was observed that orthodontic appliance therapy unaided by contributing factors often does not significantly induce gingival recession and impact treatment outcomes. However treatment carried out without consideration of periodontal health and without elimination gingival recession risk factors may trigger gingival recession that largely impacts the prognosis and treatment outcome of the orthodontic therapy. Thus, necessitates adequate awareness, gingival risk assessment methods, long-term prospective studies, appropriate treatment planning along with periodontal approach and consent prior to orthodontic appliance therapy.