A Study to Assess the Risk Factors of Myocardial Infarction Among Women with Coronary Artery Disease Attending Cardiology Department of Government Medical College Hospital, Kottayam

Abstract

Coronary artery disease is a leading contributor to global mortality and morbidity. Internationally, it is the cause of approximately a third of total death per year, with mortality rates ranging from 20% to 50% in middle income countries. CAD is assumed to be an epidemic proportion in India. Cardiac disease is a chronic health condition, which may also present with acute events. Objectives: To identify the risk factors of MI among women with CAD attending cardiology department of Govt. Medical College Hospital, Kottayam. Materials and Methods: The study was based on the concept of Pender’s Health Promotion model. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Cross-sectional survey was the selected research design. A sample size of 60 female patients with CAD attending cardiology department of MCH, Kottayam were selected for the study. The tools used for data collection were proforma for socio personal data sheet, clinical data sheet and checklist to assess the risk factors of myocardial infarction among women with CAD.  Operational Definitions: a) Risk factors of myocardial infarction: Factors that increase the incidence of myocardial infarction among women such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, etc. as measured by checklist. b) Women with CAD: In this study, it refers to women above 30 years of age having coronary artery disease, attending cardiopulmonary department of Medical College Hospital, Kottayam. With regard to the modifiable risk factors, the present study revealed that 47% of the patients were having diabetes mellitus, 60% were having hypertension and 40% were obese (BMI ≥ 25 mg/dl). It also showed that about 20% 0f the patients were having HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dl,30% having LDL cholesterol>100 mg/dl, and 32% having cholesterol > 200 mg/dl. The data shows that 55% were having physical inactivity. With regarding to contributing factors, 63% had attained menopause and 58% had stressful life.