A Pre-Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Self-Instructional Module (SIM) on Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Among Diabetic Patient in Selected Hospital in Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh

Abstract

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a state of absolute or relative insulin deficiency aggravated by ensuing hyperglycemia, dehydration, and acidosis-producing derangements in intermediary metabolism. The most common causes are underlying infection, disruption of insulin treatment, and new onset of diabetes. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute, serious, life-threatening complication of hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and ketonuria. It occurs when absolute or relative insulin deficiency prevents the ability of glucose to enter cells for using it as a metabolic fuel. As a result, the liver rapidly breaks down fat into ketones for use as a fuel source. The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge regarding prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis among diabetic patients in selected Hospital at Bilaspur (C.G.) Methods: A descriptive study was undertaken among 60 conveniently selected patients of diabetes with diabetic ketoacidosis in Bilaspur District. Data was collected by using self- structured knowledge questionnaire during the month of January 2024. Results: The level of awareness among diabetes patients on how to avoid diabetic ketoacidosis was measured. The findings of study show that knowledge score between pre-test and post- test in which 11 [18.33%] percent shows average knowledge 49 [81.67%] show poor knowledge in Pre-test and 50 [83.34%] show good knowledge 10 [16.66%] show average knowledge in post- test regarding diabetic ketoacidosis among diabetic patients. Hence H-1 was accepted. The total knowledge score was five hundred twenty out of 1800 that is mean 8.66 mean percentage 18 .43 and coefficient of variance 26.78 with standard deviation of 2.32 in pre-test and post-test knowledge score was 1106 out of 1800 that is mean 28.88% mean score percent 61.44% and coefficient of variance 12.91. In relation to association between knowledge score and socio demographic variable there is a significant association between selected socio demographic variable such as education (t=15.99, p<0.05), at the degree of freedom (6) diet (t=3.84, p<0.05) at the degree of freedom (1) were found to be statistically significant. Hence H2 is accepted. Represents that there was an effectiveness of self -instructional module, significant difference between pre-test & post- test knowledge regarding prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis among diabetic patients calculated value of Z-test is 23.28 is greater than table value 2.00 at 0.05 level of significance. Conclusions: Most patients with diabetes are poorly aware of the preventive measures of diabetic ketoacidosis. This study revealed several preventive gaps relating to an appropriate prevention strategy and acute diabetes complications. This research concluded that most patients with diabetes had insufficient knowledge of prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis and its management.