SWOT Analysis of Factors Influencing Maize Production in Rwanda

Abstract

This study conducted a SWOT analysis to examine the internal and external factors influencing maize production in Rwanda and to formulate strategic development measures for the maize value chain. Maize is a key crop for Rwanda’s food security and agribusiness. Although favorable climatic conditions and government support are present, the sector faces significant challenges such as limited access to modern agricultural technologies and high post-harvest losses. The research was carried out in Gatsibo District from September to November 2023, involving 300 maize farmers selected using the Yamane sampling formula. Data collection involved structured questionnaires, key informant interviews, and field observations. A four-stage SWOT analytical approach was used to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats affecting maize production. Findings revealed internal strengths such as a favorable climate and consistent government support, alongside weaknesses like technological gaps and critical post-harvest losses. External opportunities included regional export potential and possibilities for value addition, while major threats comprised climate variability and market price volatility. These insights highlight both key leverage points and structural challenges limiting productivity. The study provides practical evidence to guide policymakers and stakeholders in designing strategies to enhance maize production and ensure long-term food security in Rwanda.