Beyond Visual Metaphors: Conceptualizing Abstract Language Among the Visually Impaired Individuals

Abstract

This study explored how visually impaired individuals understand abstract language, which is often expressed through metaphors rooted in visual experiences. Data was gathered through interviews with visually impaired participants in the Katsina Local Government Area to investigate the impact of auditory, tactile, olfactory, and gustatory cues, as well as cultural and experiential factors, on their interpretation of abstract language. The research is grounded in the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) proposed by Lakoff and Johnson in 1980. The findings indicate that participants predominantly utilize non-visual strategies, particularly touch and hearing, to make sense of abstract expressions, often leading to misunderstandings when confronted with visual metaphors. Moreover, the use of explanations, examples, comparisons, and personal experiences proves to significantly enhance comprehension. Braille literacy and audio resources also play a crucial role in facilitating access to abstract concepts, underscoring the embodied and multi-sensory nature of meaning-making. In conclusion, the study suggests that the capacity for abstract thought among visually impaired individuals is not diminished but is instead structured differently. These results broaden the scope of metaphor theory by addressing its inherent visual bias, promoting inclusive pedagogical strategies through multisensory teaching practices, and informing policies aimed at creating accessible educational and cultural resources.