Papua Conflict Analysis Based on Causes, Types and Actors of the Conflict

Abstract

The conflict in Papua is one of the conflicts in Indonesia that has persisted for many years and until now has not found a bright spot. Cultural violence was experienced in 1971-1973, the Indonesian government carried out the Koteka operation.  Stereotypes of non-Papuans against Papuans are still growing today, leading to racial/ethnic discrimination. The government also officially categorizes TPNPB-OPM as terrorists. In the case of the Papuan conflict, one of the factors that makes it a threat is the offensive power in which the separatist movement carried out by the OPM threatens the sovereignty or integrity of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia. In addition to the existence of a different culture in Papua which often leads to discrimination against the Papuan people, there are also differences in interests. One of them is political interests where the people who are members of the Papuan Organization want independence while the Unitary Republic of Indonesia still wants to maintain its sovereignty and territorial integrity. The conflict that occurred in Papua between the OPM separatist group in conflict with the Government was included in the type of vertical conflict. The conflict in Papua is also included in the type of Non-International Armed Conflict. The actors in conflict are the Free Papua Organization (OPM) and the Supporting State for the OPM (armed opposition group & armed non-stated actor) as well as the Indonesian Government, TNI, Polri, NGOs. To reconcile Papua is not only the task of the government, the community according to their respective fields can also contribute to support the peace process.