Combined Effect of Western Disturbances and ENSO on Weather of Jammu and Kashmir

Abstract

This paper focuses on the temperature (°C) and rainfall (in mm) change over Srinagar, Kupwara, Qazigund and Batote stations for a 40-year period (1980-2019). Additionally, it examines the connection between the three phases of El Niño-Southern Oscillation i.e., El Niño, La Niña and Neutral phases prevailing through the Pacific Ocean and changes in precipitation and temperature over Jammu and Kashmir. The former state faces quite erratic weather and the weather during monsoon in Kashmir region behaves quite opposite to what is seen in rest of India. El Niño can be seen accompanied with higher rainfall in Kashmir while La Niña with lower rainfall during the southwest monsoon months.