An Ethnographic Study of Existing Meranaw Traditional Handicrafts

Abstract

This ethnographic study explores the existing Meranaw traditional handicrafts of Lanao del Sur, Philippines, with a particular emphasis on handwoven textile traditions as enduring embodiments of cultural identity. Anchored in participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation of weaving practices, the research examines the craftsmanship, symbolism, and socio-cultural functions of handwoven artifacts such as malong, langkit, and other intricately patterned fabrics produced through the kapangawl technique. These textiles, characterized by vibrant color schemes, geometric motifs, and meticulous weaving methods, are not merely utilitarian objects but also visual narratives that encode Meranaw history, status, and aesthetic philosophy. Findings reveal that while these weaving traditions persist within local communities, their practice is shaped by shifting socio-economic realities, including the decline of traditional apprenticeship systems, the influence of mass-produced textiles, and the increasing role of handicraft production in tourism and cultural preservation initiatives. The study highlights the resilience of Meranaw weavers who adapt designs, materials, and marketing strategies to contemporary demands while maintaining core symbolic and technical elements. This interplay of continuity and change underscores the dynamic nature of intangible cultural heritage. By situating handwoven Meranaw textiles within both their traditional and present-day contexts, this research contributes to the discourse on safeguarding indigenous craftsmanship in the face of globalization. It affirms that preserving such handicrafts is not only about protecting tangible objects but also about sustaining the skills, meanings, and community structures that give them life. The study advocates for heritage-based development programs that recognize weavers as cultural bearers and integrate traditional weaving into sustainable economic and educational initiatives.